Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지

Depletion of Phosphorus in Mountain Soil and Growth Stimulation of Panax ginseng by Phosphorus Enrichment

  • Choi, Yong-Eui (Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yi, Myong-Jong (Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • You, Kyung-Ha (Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Bae, Kee-Hwa (Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Han, Jung-Yeon (Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yi, Jae-Seon (Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2009.01.19
  • Accepted : 2009.03.04
  • Published : 2009.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

There are remarkable differences in growth and morphological characters of roots between mountain and field cultivated Panax ginseng. Growth of root in mountain cultivated ginseng was much slower than that of field cultivated ginseng. However, the factor affecting the retarded growth in mountain ginseng was not known. Soil analysis revealed that phosphorus (P) content of mountain soil was exceptionally low at least ten-fold lower compared to that of field soil. Thus, we suggest that low availability of P in mountain soil may be one of the limiting factors for growth of ginseng in mountain soil environment. We had monitored the growth of ginseng plants after one and three years of phosphate fertilizer application. Three kinds of phosphate fertilizers: fused magnesium phosphate, fused superphosphate, and single superphosphate were applied to mountain soil. Application of phosphate fertilizers increased the fresh-, dry weight, and diameter of ginseng roots and resulted in increased P accumulation in roots. These results demonstrate that slow growth of ginseng in mountain soil environment might be attributed to the low P content in mountain soil. Thus, analysis of P amount in mountain soil will be a good indicator for the selection of suitable site the ginseng cultivation in forest.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Korea Forest Service

References

  1. Bel'chikova, N.P. 1954. Determination of soil humus content by Tyurin's method. In: Agrochemical Methods of Soil Analysis. Ed 2. Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, pp 35-42
  2. Catt, J.A., Chambers, B.J., Farina, R., Harris, G.L.,Hodgkinson, R., Howse, K.R. and Quinton, J.N. 1998.Phosphorus losses from arable land in England. Soil Use Manage. 14: 168-174 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00636.x
  3. Chang, S.X. 2003. Seedling sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) halfsib family response to N and P fertilization:growth, leaf area, net photosynthesis and nutrient uptake. For. Ecol. Manage. 173: 281-291 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00007-5
  4. Choi, Y.E., Kim, Y.S., Yi, M.J., Park, W.G., Yi, J.S.,Chun, S.R., Han, S.S. and Lee, S.J. 2007. Physiological and chemical characteristics of field- and mountain-cultivated ginseng roots. J. Plant Biol. 50: 198-205
  5. Coleman, C.I., Hebert, J.H. and Reddy, P. 2003. The effects of Panax ginseng on quality of life. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 28: 5-15 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00467.x
  6. Constant, K.M. and Sheldrick, W.F. 1991. An outlook for fertilizer demand, supply, and trade, 1988/89–1993/94, World Bank Technical Paper No. 137. World Bank, Washington, DC
  7. Cox, M.S. 2001. The Lancaster soil test method as an alternative to the Mehlich 3 soil test method. Soil Sci.166: 484-489 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200107000-00006
  8. Cromer, R.N., Kriedemann, P.E., Sands, P.J. and Stewart, L.G. 1993. Leaf growth and photosynthetic response to nitrogen and phosphorus in seedling trees of Gamelia arborea. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 20: 83-98
  9. Ellis, J.M. and Reddy, P. 2002. Effects of Panax ginseng on quality of life. Ann. Pharmacother. 36: 375-379 https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1A245
  10. Giuffre, L., Alconada, M., Pascale, C. and Ratto, S.2004. Environmental impact of phosphorus overfertilization in tomato greenhouse production. J. Appl. Horticult.6: 58-61
  11. Grant, C.A., Flaten, D.N., Tomasiewicz, D.J. and Sheppard,S.C. 2001. The importance of early season P nutrition. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 211-224
  12. Jackson, M.L. 1962. Soil Chemical Analysis. Constable,London
  13. Jacob, J. and Lawlor, D.W. 1991. Stomatal and mesophyll limitations of photosynthesis in phosphate deficient sunflower, maize and wheat plants. J. Exp. Bot. 42: 1003-1011 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/42.8.1003
  14. Jinfang, G., Longnan, J., Shuwen, Z., Lanzhen, Z. and Shuren, Z. 1997. A phenomenon of nitrogen excess in Panax ginseng. - a preliminary study in the cause of nitrogen toxicity to ginseng. Acta Pedologica Sinica 34:206-211
  15. Jonsson, U., Rosengren, U., Thelin, G. and Nihlgard, B. 2003. Acidification-induced chemical changes in coniferous forest soils in southern Sweden 1988-1999. Environ. Poll. 123: 75-83 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00335-4
  16. Kim, D.C., Chang, S.M. and Choi, J. 1995. Effect of the chemical properties of field soils on the contents of sugars and saponin in ginseng roots. Agr. Chem. Biotech. 38: 72-77
  17. Kirschbaum, M.U.F. and Tompkins, D. 1990. Photosynthetic responses to phosphorus nutrition in Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 17: 527-535 https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9900527
  18. Konsler, T. and Shelton, J.E. 1990. Lime and phosphorus effects on American ginseng: 1. Growth, soil fertility, and root tissue nutrient status response. J. Amer.Soc. Horti. Sci. 115: 570-574
  19. Lee, C.K. 2008. Studies on the relation between acid deposition and soil chemical properties in forest areas. Kor. J. Env. Eco. 22: 260-267
  20. Li, T.S.L. and Wallis, M.O. 1994. Effect of soil phosphorus levels on seed emergence, seeding mortality and plant and root development of American ginseng. J.Ginseng Res. 18: 134 -136
  21. Nadeau, I., Simard, R.R. and Olivier, A. 2003. The impact of lime and organic fertilization on the growth of wild-simulated American ginseng. Can. J. Plant Sci.83: 603-609
  22. Rao, I.M. and Terry, N. 1989. Leaf phosphate status and photosynthesis in vivo in sugar beet: I. Changes in growth, photosynthesis and Calvin cycle enzymes.Plant Physiol. 90: 814-819 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.90.3.814
  23. Robbins, C.S. 1998. American ginseng: the root of North America's medicinal herb trade. TRAFFIC North America Report, Number B347, Washington, D.C.,USA
  24. Robbins, C.S. 2000. Comparative analysis of management regimes and medicinal plant trade monitoring mechanisms for American ginseng and goldenseal. Conserv. Biol. 14: 1422-1434 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99100.x
  25. Rodriguez, D., Zubillaga, M.M., Ploschuk, E.L., Keltjens, W.G., Goudriaan, J. and Lavado, R.S. 1998. Leaf area expansion and assimilate production in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growing under low phosphorus conditions. Plant Soil 202: 133-147 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004348702697
  26. Ruiz, J.M., Delgado, A. and Torrent, J. 1997. Iron-related phosphorus in overfertilized European soils. J. Environ. Qual. 26:1548-1554 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600060014x
  27. Sharpley, A.N., Smith, S.J., Jones, O.R., Berg, W.A. and Coleman, G.A. 1992. The transport of bioavailable phosphorus in agricultural runoff. J. Environ. Qual. 21:30-35 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100010003x
  28. Sheriff, D.W., Nambiar, E.K.S. and Fife, D.N. 1986. Relationships between nutrient status, carbon assimilation and water use efficiency in Pinus radiata needles. Tree Physiol 2: 73-88
  29. Shibata, S. 2001. Chemistry and cancer preventing activity of ginseng saponins and some related terpenoid compounds. J. Kor. Med. Sci. 16: S28-37 https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2001.16.S.S28
  30. Topa, M.A. and Cheeseman, J.M. 1992. Carbon and phosphorus partitioning in Pinus serotina seedlings growing under hypoxic and low-phosphorus conditions. Tree Physiol. 10: 195-207
  31. Vogler, B.K., Pittler, M.H. and Ernst, E. 1999. The efficacy of ginseng: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 55: 567-575 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002280050674