Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제22권8호
  • /
  • Pages.1202-1208
  • /
  • 2009
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Dietary Synbiotics from Anaerobic Microflora on Growth Performance, Noxious Gas Emission and Fecal Pathogenic Bacteria Population in Weaning Pigs

  • Lee, Shin Ja (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Shin, Nyeon Hak (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Ok, Ji Un (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Jung, Ho Sik (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Chu, Gyo Moon (Animal Nutrition & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science) ;
  • Kim, Jong Duk (Cheonan Yonam College Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation) ;
  • Kim, In Ho (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Lee, Sung Sill (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University)
  • 투고 : 2009.01.15
  • 심사 : 2009.03.05
  • 발행 : 2009.08.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Synbiotics is the term used for a mixture of probiotics (live microbial feed additives that beneficially affects the host animal) and prebiotics (non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the organism). This study investigated the effect of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, noxious gas emission and fecal microbial population in weaning pigs. 150 pigs with an initial BW of 6.80${\pm}$0.32 kg (20 d of age) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments as follows: i) US, basal diet+0.15% antibiotics (0.05% oxytetracycline 200 and 0.10% tiamulin 38 g), ii) BS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from bacteria), iii) YS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from yeast), iv) MS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (probiotics from mold), v) CS, basal diet+0.2% synbiotics (from compounds of bacteria, yeast and mold). The probiotics were contained in $10^{9}$ cfu/ml, $10^{5}$ cfu/ml and $10^{3}$ tfu/ml of bacteria, yeast and molds, respectively. The same prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide, lactose, sodium acetate and ammonium citrate) was used for all the synbiotics. Pigs were housed individually for a 16-day experimental period. Growth performance showed no significant difference between antibiotic treatments and synbiotics-added treatments. The BS treatment showed higher (p<0.05) dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibility while ether extract and crude fiber digestibility were not affected by the dietary treatment. Also, the BS treatment decreased (p<0.05) fecal ammonia and amine gas emissions. Hydrogen sulfide concentration was also decreased (p<0.05) in BS, YS and MS treatments compared to other treatments. Moreover, all the synbioticsadded treatments increased fecal acetic acid concentration while the CS treatment had lower propionic acid concentration than the US treatment (p<0.05) gas emissions but decreased in fecal propionate gas emissions. Total fecal bacteria and Escherichia coli populations did not differ significantly among the treatments, while the Shigella counts were decreased (p<0.05) in synbiotics-included treatment. Fecal bacteria population was higher in the YS treatment than other treatments (p<0.05). The BS treatment had higher yeast concentration than YS, MS and CS treatments, while US treatment had higher mold concentrations than MS treatment (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that synbiotics are as effective as antibiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora composition in weaning pigs. Additionally, synbiotics from anaerobic microflora can decrease fecal noxious gas emission and synbiotics can substitute for antibiotics in weaning pigs.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Agriculture, Rural Development Administration. 2007. Standard tables of feed composition in Korea. National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon, Korea
  2. AOAC. 1995. Official method of analysis. 16th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC
  3. Bryant, M. P. and L. A. Burkey. 1953. Cultural methods and some characteristics of some of the more numerous groups of bacteria in the bovine rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 36:205-217 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(53)91482-9
  4. Cho, J. H., Y. J. Chen, B. J. Min, J. S. Yoo, Y. Wang and I. H. Kim. 2008. Effects of reducing dietary crude protein on growth performance, odor gas emission from manure and blood urea nitrogen and IGF-1 concentrations of serum in nursery pigs. Anim. Sci. J. 79:453-459 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2008.00549.x
  5. Collington, G. K., D. S. Parker, M. Ellis and D. G. Armstrong. 1988. The influence of probiotics or tylosine on growth of pigs and development of the gastro-intestinal tract. Anim. Products. 46:521-522
  6. Dehority, B. A. 1965. Degradation and utilization of isolated hemicellulose by pure cultures of cellulolytic rumen bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 89:1515-1520
  7. Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11:1-42 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  8. Erwin, E. S., G. T. Marco and E. M. Emery. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. J. Dairy Sci. 44:1768-1771 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89956-6
  9. Fuller, R. 1989. Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bact. 66:365-378 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.x
  10. Gibson, G. R. and B. M. Roberfroid. 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr. 125:1401-1412
  11. Grimes, J. L., D. V. Maurice, S. F. Lightsey and J. G. Lopez. 1997. The effect of dietary fermacto on layer hen performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 6:399-403 https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/6.4.399
  12. Haghighi, H. R., J. Gong, C. L. Gyles, M. A. Hayes, B. Sanei, P. Parvizi, H. Gisavi, J. R. Chambers and S. Sharif. 2005. Modulation of antibody-mediate immune response by probiotics in chicken. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12:1387-1392
  13. Han, I. K., J. D. Kim, J. H. Lee, S. C. Lee, T. H. Kim and J. H. Kwag. 1984. Studies on the growth promoting effects of probiotics: The effects of Clostridium butyricum ID on the performance and the changes in the microbial flora of the feces of growing pigs. Kor. J. Anim. Sci. 26:166-171
  14. Hansen, J. A., J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodband and T. L. Weeden. 1993. Evaluation of animal protein supplements in diets of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1853-1862 https://doi.org/10.2527/1993.7171853x
  15. Hays, V. W. 1977. Effectiveness of feed additive usage of antimicrobial agents in swine and poultry production. In Office of Technology Assessment, Hays VW Ed., Washington, DC
  16. Hill, I. R., R. Kenworthy and P. Porter. 1970. Studies of the effect of dietary lactobacilli on intestinal and urinary amines in pigs in relation to weaning and post-weaning diarrhea. Res. Vet. Sci. 11:320-326
  17. Holdman, L. V., E. P. Coto and W. E. C. Moore. 1977. Anaerobic laboratory manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ. Blackburg, Virginia, USA
  18. Huang, C., S. Qiao, D. Lifa, X. Piao and J. Ren. 2004. Effects of lactobacilli on the performance, diarrhea incidence, VFA concentration and gastrointestinal microbial flora of weaning pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:401-409 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.401
  19. Jurgens, M. H., R. A. Rikabi and D. R. Zimmerman. 1997. The effect of dietary active dry yeast supplement on performance of sows during gestation-lactation and their pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 75:593-597 https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.753593x
  20. Kelly, D. 1998. Probiotics in young and newborn animals. J. Anim Feed Sci. 7:15-23 https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/69952/1998
  21. Kim, J. H., C. H. Kim and Y. D. Ko. 2001. Effect of dietary supplementation of fermented feed ($Bio-\alpha^{\circledR}$) on performance of finishing pigs and fecal ammonia gas emission. Kor. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 43:193-202
  22. Kim, T. W. and K. I. Kim. 1992. Effects of feeding diets containing probiotics, or antimicrobial production in the intestinal contents of rats. Kor. J. Anim Sci. 34:167-173
  23. Ko, S. Y. and C. J. Yang. 2008a. Effect of green tea probiotics on the growth performance, meat quality and immune response in finishing pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 21:1339-1347 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70597
  24. Ko, S. Y., I. H. Bae, S. T. Yee, S. S. Lee, D. Uuganbayar, J. I. Oh and C. J. Yang. 2008b. Comparison of the effect of green tea by-product and green tea probiotics on the growth performance, meat quality, and immune response of finishing pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 21:1486-1494 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70604
  25. Le Dividich, J. and P. Herpin. 1994. Effects of climatic conditions on the performance, metabolism and health status of weaned pigs. Livest. Prod. Sci. 38:79-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(94)90052-3
  26. Lowe, S. E., M. K. Theodorou, A. P. J. Trinci and R. B. Hespell. 1985. Growth of anaerobic rumen fungi on defined and semidefined media lacking rumen fluid. J. General Microbiol. 131:2225-2229
  27. Metzler, B., E. Bauer and R. Mosenthin. 2005. Microflora management in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1353-1362 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1353
  28. Min, T. S., I. K. Han, I. B. Chung and I. B. Kim. 1992. Effects of dietary supplementation with antibiotics, sulfur compound, copper sulfate, enzyme and probiotics on the growing performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Kor. J. Anim. Nutr. Feed. 16:265-274
  29. Mohan, B., R. Kadirvel, A. Natarajan and M. Bhaskaran. 1996. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilization and serum cholesterol in broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 37:395-401 https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669608417870
  30. Muralidhara, K. S., G. G. Sheggeby, P. R. Eliker, D. C. England and W. E. Sandine. 1977. Effects of feeding lactobacilli on the coli form and lactobacillus flora on intestinal tissue and feces from piglets. J. Food Prod. 40:288-295
  31. NRC. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th Rev. Eds. National Academy Press, Washington DC
  32. Noh, S. H., H. K. Moon, I. K. Han and I. S. Shin. 1995. Effect of dietary growth promoting substances on the growth performance in pigs. Kor. J. Anim. Sci. 37:66-72
  33. Pollman, D. S. 1986. Additives, flavors, enzymes and probiotics in animal feeds. Proc. 22nd Annual Nutrition Conference. University of Guelph
  34. Pollman, D. S., D. M. Danielson and E. R. J. Peo. 1980. Effect of microbial feed additives on performance of starter and growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 51:577-581 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1980.513577x
  35. Ra, J. C., H. J. Han and J. E. Song. 2004. Effect of probiotics on production and improvement of environment in pigs and broilers. Kor. J. Vet. Public Health 28:157-167
  36. Santoso, U., S. Ohtani, K. Tanaka and M. Sakaida. 1999. Dried Bacillus subtilis culture ammonia gas release in poultry houses. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12:806-809 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.806
  37. SAS. 1996. SAS user's guide. Release 6.12 edition. SAS Institude. Inc Cary NC. USA
  38. Schierack, P., M. Nordhoff, M. Pollmann, P. Schwerk, D. Taras, A. Lubke-Becker, L. H. Wieler and K. Tedin. 2004. Effects of an Enterococcus faecium probiotic in pigs: Influence on enteropathogenic bacteria. Anim. Res. 53:338 (Abstract)
  39. Smith, H. W. and J. E. T. Jones. 1963. Observations on the alimentary tract and its bacterial flora in healthy and diseased pigs. J. Pathogenic Bacteria. 86:387-412 https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1700860214
  40. Taylor, C. C., N. K. Ranjit, J. A. Mills, J. M. Neylon and L. Kung. 2002. The effect of treating whole-plant barley with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritive value for dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2011-2016 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75438-X
  41. Underdahl, N. R., A. Torres-Median and A. R. Doster. 1982. Effect of Streptococcus faecium C-68 in the control of Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in genotociotic pigs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43:2227-2232
  42. Visek, W. J. 1978. The mode of growth promotion by antibiotics. J. Anim. Sci. 46:1447-1453 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1978.4651447x
  43. Williams, C. H., D. J. David and O. Iismaa. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in feces samples by automic absorption spectrophotometry. J. Agric. Sci. 59:381-385 https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960001546X
  44. Williams, P. E. V., C. A. G. Tait, G. M. Innes and C. J. Newbold. 1991. Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of steer. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3016-3026 https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6973016x
  45. Witte, W. 2000. Selective pressure by antibiotic use in livestock. Intl. J. Antimicrobial Agents. 16:S19-S24 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00301-0

피인용 문헌

  1. The effect of prebiotics and synbiotics on Clostridium and Escherichia coli counts in human intestinal tract vol.60, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260030077
  2. , relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers vol.98, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12086
  3. ) as performance enhancers in growing pigs vol.86, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12331
  4. Effects of L-tryptophan, Fructan, and Casein on Reducing Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Skatole in Fermented Swine Manure vol.28, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0901
  5. Synbiotic as Feed Additives Relating to Animal Health and Performance vol.06, pp.04, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2016.64028
  6. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health vol.9, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091021
  7. Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs vol.88, pp.10, 2010, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2308
  8. Effect of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on nutrient digestibility, intestinal health and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs vol.31, pp.10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0908
  9. Effect of antibiotics and synbiotic on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and faecal microbial shedding in growing-finishing pigs vol.46, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1484359
  10. Effects of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, faecal microbial shedding, faecal score and faecal noxious gas emission in weanling pigs vol.43, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2014.978771
  11. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Gestating Sows and Neonatal Offspring Alters Lifetime Intestinal Microbiota and Growth in Offspring vol.3, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00134-17
  12. Effect of dietary fermented oats in different nutrient-density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal microorganisms of weanling pigs vol.59, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1071/an16410
  13. Influence of Enterococcus faecium with and without xylanase to corn and soybean meal-based diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and faecal microflora in growing pigs vol.48, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2020.1828892
  14. Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 8: Pleuromutilins: tiamulin and valnemulin vol.19, pp.10, 2009, https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6860
  15. Maximum levels of cross‐contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non‐target feed. Part 12: Tetracyclines: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline vol.19, pp.10, 2009, https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6864
  16. Carcass and Pork Quality and Gut Environment of Pigs Fed a Diet Supplemented with the Bokashi Probiotic vol.11, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123590