References
- Greiner M, Greiner A, Hirschfelder U. Variance of landmarks in digital evaluations: comparison between CT-based and conventional digital lateral cephalometric radiographs. J Orofac Orthop 2007; 68 :290-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-007-0710-5
- Chidiac JJ, Shofer FS, Al-Kutoub A, Laster LL, Ghafari J. Comparison of CT scanograms and cephalometric radiographs in craniofacial imaging. Orthod Craniofac Res 2002; 5 : 104-13. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0544.2002.01170.x
- Kumar V, Ludlow JB, Mol A, Cevidanes LH. Comparison of conventional and cone beam CT synthesized cephalograms. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007; 36 : 263-9. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/98032356
- Kumar V, Ludlow J, Cevidanes LH, Mol A. In vivo comparison of conventional and cone beam CT synthesized cephalograms. Angle Orthod 2008; 78 : 873-9. https://doi.org/10.2319/082907-399.1
- Moshiri M, Scarfe WC, Hilgers ML, Scheetz JP, Silveira AM, Farman AG. Accuracy of linear measurements from imaging plate and lateral cephalometric images derived from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 132 : 550-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.09.046
- Malkoc S, Sari Z, Usumez S, Koyuturk AE. The effect of head rotation on cephalometric radiographs. Eur J Orthod 2005; 27 : 315-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjh098
- Yoon YJ, Kim KS, Hwang MS, Kim HJ, Choi EH, Kim KW. Effect of head rotation on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Angle Orthod 2001; 71 : 396-403.
- Hofrath H. Die bedeutung der roentgenfern und abstandsaufnahme fur die diagnostik der kieferanomalien. Fortschr Orthodont 1931; 1 : 232- 48. (cited from 1)
- Broadbent BH. A new X-ray technique and its application to orthodontics. Angle Orthod 1931; 1 : 45-66.
- Olszewski R, Zech F, Cosnard G, Nicolas V, Macq B, Reychler H. Three-dimensional computed tomography cephalometric craniofacial analysis: experimental validation in vitro. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 36 : 828-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2007.05.022
- Kamiishi H, Miyasato Y, Kosaka M. Development of the 3D-cephalogram: A technical note. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2007; 35 : 258-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2007.04.004
- Olszewski R, Cosnard G, Macq B, Mahy P, Reychler H. 3D CT-based cephalometric analysis: 3D cephalometric theoretical concept and software. Neuroradiology 2006; 48 : 853-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-006-0140-x
- Park SH, Yu HS, Kim KD, Lee KJ, Baik HS. A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 129 : 600.e23-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.11.032
- Maeda M, Katsumata A, Ariji Y, Muramatsu A, Yoshida K, Goto S, et al. 3D-CT evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with maxillofacial deformities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006; 102 : 382-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.10.057
- Hwang HS, Hwang CH, Lee KH, Kang BC. Maxillofacial 3-dimensional image analysis for the diagnosis of facial asymmetry. Am J of Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2006; 130 : 779-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.02.021
- Yoon SJ, Lim HJ, Kang BC, Hwang HS. Three dimensional CT analysis of facial asymmetry. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2007; 37 : 45-51.
- Cevidanes LH, Styner MA, Proffit WR. Image analysis and superimposition of 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography models. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 129 : 611-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.12.008
- Cevidanes LH, Bailey LJ, Tucker GR Jr, Styner MA, Mol A, Phillips CL, et al. Superimposition of 3D cone-beam CT models of orthognathic surgery patients. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2005; 34 : 369-75. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/17102411
- Ongkosuwito EM, Katsaros C, van't Hof MA, Bodegom JC, Kuijpers- Jagtman AM. The reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of analogue and digital methods. Eur J Orthod 2002; 24 : 655-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/24.6.655
- Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements. 1. Landmark identification. Am J Orthod 1971; 60 : 111-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(71)90028-5
- Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures. Am J Orthod 1971; 60 : 505-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(71)90116-3
- Huston WJ. The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod 1983; 83 : 382-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(83)90322-6
- Houston WJ, Maher RE, McElroy D, Sherriff M. Sources of error in measurements from cephalometric radiographs. Eur J Orthod 1986; 8 : 149-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/8.3.149
- Franklin JB. Certain factors of aberration to be considered in clinical reontgenographic cephalometry. Am J Orthod 1952; 38 : 351-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(52)90049-3
- Ahlqvist J, Eliasson S, Welander U. The effect of projection errors on cephalometric length measurements. Eur J Orthod 1986; 8 : 141-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/8.3.141
- Major PW, Johnson DE, Hesse KL, Glover KE. Landmark identification error in posterior anterior cephalometrics. Angle Orthod 1994; 64 : 447-54.
- Major PW, Johnson DE, Hesse KL, Glover KE. Effect of head orientation on posterior anterior cephalometric landmark identification. Angle Orthod 1996; 66 : 51-60.
- Ahlqvist J, Eliasson S, Welander U. The effect of projection errors on angular measurements in cephalometry. Eur J Orthod 1988; 10 : 353- 61.
- Midtgard J, Bjork G, linder-Aronsson S. Reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks and errors of measurements of cephalometric cranial distances. Angle Orthod 1974; 44 : 56-62
- Hatton ME, Grainger RM. Reliability of measurements from cephalograms at the Burlington orthodontic research centre. J Dent Res 1958; 37 : 853-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345580370051301
- Cooke MS, Wei SH. Cephalometric errors: a comparison between repeat measurements and retaken radiographs. Aust Dent J 1991; 36 : 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1991.tb00806.x
- Shaw WC. Problems of accuracy and reliability in cephalometric studies with implants in infants with cleft lip & palate. Br J Orthod 1977; 4 : 93-100.
- Gron P. A geometrical evaluation of image size in dental radiograph. J Dent Res 1960; 39 : 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345600390021101
- Eliasson S, Welander U, Ahlqvist J. The cephalometric projection. I: general considerations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1982; 11 : 117-22.
- Ahlqvist J, Eliasson S, Welander U. The cephalometric projection. II: principles of image distortion in cephalography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1983; 12 : 101-8.