References
- Ronen GM , Penney S, Andrews W. The epidemiology of clinicaI neonatal seizures in Newfoundland: a population-based study. J Pediatr 1999:134 :71-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70374-4
- Bassan H, Bental Y. Shany F, Berger I. Froom P, Levi L, et at. Neonatal seizures: dilemmas in workup and management. Pediatr Neurol 2008;38: 415-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.03.003
- Bartha AI. Shen .J, Katz KH, Mischel RE. Yap KR. Ivacko JA, et al. Neonatal seizures: multicenter variability in current treatment practices. Pediatr Neurol 2007:37:85-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.04.003
- Guillet R. Kwon JM. Prophylactic phenobarbital adminisiration after resolution of neonatal seizures: survey of current practice. Pediatrics 2008;122:731-5. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3278
- Carmo KB. Barr P. Drug treatment of neonatal seizures by neonatologists and paediatric neurologists. J Paediatr Child Health 2005 ; 41: 313-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2005.00638.x
- Wheless JW, Clarke DF. Arzimanoglou A. Carpenter D. Treatment of Pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion, 2007. Epileptic Disord 2007;9:353-42.
- Volpe.J.J. Neurology of the newborn. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2008:203-44.
- Ben- Ari Y. Basic developmental rules and their implications for epilepsy in the immature brain. Epileptic Disord 2006: 8: 91-102.
- Veliskova J, Claudio OI, Galanopoulou AS. Lado FA, Ravizza T, Velisek L. et al. Seizures in the developing brain. Epilepsia 2004;45 suppl 8:6-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.458002.x
- Haut SR. Veliskova J, Moshe SL. Susceptibility of immature and adult brains to seizure effects, Lancet Neurol 2004;3;608-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00881-6
- Holopainen IE. Seizures in the developing brain: cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal damage, neurogenesis and cellular recrganization. Neurochem Int 2008;52:935- 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2007.10.021
- Clancy RR. Legido A. Lewis D. Occult neonatal seizures. Epilepsia 1988:29: 256-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb03715.x
- Murray DM, Boylan GB, Ali I. Ryan CA, Murphy BP. Connolly S , Defining the grap between electrographic seizure burden, clinical expression and staff recognition of neonatal seizures. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008; 93: F187-91. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.086314
- Alfonso I, Papazian O, Litt R, Villalobos R, Acosta JI. Similar brain SPECT finding in subclinical and clinical seizures in two neonates with hemime-galencephaly. Pediatr Neurol 1998; 19: 132-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-8994(98)00030-7
- Boylan GB. Rennie JM, Pressler RM, Wilson G. Morton M, Binnie CD, Phenobarbitone, neonatal seizures, and video-EEG. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2002;86:F165-70. https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.86.3.F165
- Bittigau P, Sifringer M, Genz K, Reith E, Pospischil D. Govindarajalu S, et al. Antiepileptic drug and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:15089-94. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222550499
- Calandre EP, Dominguez-Granados R, Gomez-Rubio M, Molina-Font JA. Cognitive effects of long- term treatment with phenobarbital and valproic acid in school children. Acta Neurol Scand 1990:81;504-6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1990.tb01008.x
- Farwell JR. Lee YJ. Hirtz DG. Sulzbacher SI, Ellenberg JH, Nelson KB. Phenobarbital for febrile seizures--effects on intelligence and on seizure recurrence. N Engl J Med 1990:322:364-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199002083220604
- Riva D. Devoti M. Discontinuation of phenobarbital in children: effects on neurocognitive behavior. Pediatr Neurol 1896;14:36-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-8994(95)00224-3
- Sulzbacher S. Farwell JR, Temkin N, Lu AS, Hirtz DG. Late cognitive effects of early treatment with phenobarbiltal. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1999;38:387-94. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289903800702
- Ben- Ari Y, Gaiarsa JL. Tyzio R, Khazipov R. GABA: a pioncer transmitter that excites immature neurons and generates primitive oscillations. Physiol Rev 2007;87:1215-84. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00017.2006
- Clancy RR; Neurology Group on Neonatal Seizures. The newborn drug development initiative workshop: Summary proceedings from the neurology group on neonatal seizures. Clin Ther 2006; 28 : 1342-52 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.09.004
- Boylan GH, Rennie JM. Chorley G, Pressler RM. Fox GF, Farrer K, et al. Second-line anticonvulsant treatment of neonatal seizures: a video- EEG monitoring study. Neurology 2004;62:486-8. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000106944.59990.E6
- Silverstein FS, Jensen FE. Neonatal seizures. Ann Neurol 2007;62:112-20 https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21167
- Meador KJ, Baker GA, Finnell RH, Kalayjian LA, Liporace JD, Loring DW, et al. In utero antiepileptic drug exposure: fetal death and malformations. Neurology 2006;67:407-12. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000227919.81208.b2
- Gamstorp I, Sedin G. Neonatal convulsions treated with continuous, intravenous infusion of diazepam. Ups J Med Sic 1982;87:143-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/03009738209178419
- Hu KC, Chiu NC, Ho CS, Lee ST, Shen EY. Continuous midazolam infusion in the treatment of uncontrollable neonatal seizures. Acta Paediatr Taiwan 2003;44:279-81.
- Bonati M, Marraro G, Celardo A, Passerini F, Schieroni F, Spada P, et al. Thiopental efficacy in phenobarbital-resistant neonatal seizures. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1990;15:16-20. https://doi.org/10.1159/000457614
- Alfonso I, Alvarez LA, Gilman J, Dunoyer C, Yelin K, Papazian O. Intravenous valproate dosing in neonates. J Child Neurol 2000;15:827-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/088307380001501216
- Gal P, Oles KS, Gilman JT, Weaver R. Valproic acid efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics in neonates with intractable seizures. Neurology 1988; 38:467-71. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.38.3.467