Neonatal Medicine

The Korean Society of Neonatology (대한신생아학회)
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Systemic Candida Infection in Very Low Birth Weight Infants : Epidemiological Features Over 5 Years

극소 저체중 출생아에서 전신성 칸디다 감염 : 5년간의 역학적 특성

  • Lee, Seung-Woo (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Eun (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Lee, Ju-Young (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Seung (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Hyun (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Sung, In-Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 이승우 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이정은 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이주영 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이현승 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이정현 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 성인경 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Published : 2009.11.30

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Abstract

Purpose: Candida infection has increased in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). However, recent reports on systemic candida infections in preterm newborns are rare in Korea. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiological features of systemic candida infection in very low birth weight infants (VLBW) over the past five years. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 19 patients with systemic candida infections in VLBW that were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of three hospitals affiliated with the College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea from January 2004 to December 2008. We analyzed the birth weight, gestational age, age at diagnosis, risk factors, co-morbidity, antifungal treatment, and mortality rates among the 19 patients. Results: Systemic candida infections occurred in 19 cases (4.7%) among the VLBW infants. The mean birth weight and gestational age were 959.0$\pm$255.9 g and 26.7$\pm$2.1 weeks. The isolated Candida species were C. albicans (4), C. parapsilosis (9), C. glabrata (2), C. famata (2), and unkown subspecies (2). Most patients had various associated risk factors, including a central venous catheter, broad spectrum antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, intravenous lipid emulsion, endotracheal intubation and $H_2$ blocker therapy. There was no significant difference in the risk factors between newborns that survived and those that died with regard to the systemic candida infection, except for gestational age. Nine (47.4%) out of 19 patients with a candida infection died and four cases (21.2%) were directly related to the candida infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of systemic candida infection is increasing in VLBW infants. The majority of Candida species has shifted to C. non-albicans, especially C. parapsilosis. Because of the high mortality associated with candida infection in the NICU, prophylaxis and early treatment based on epidemiological features is necessary.

목 적 : 신생아 집중치료실에서 극소 저체중 출생아의 칸디다 감염이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서 미숙아의 전신성 칸디다 감염에 대한 최근 자료는 부족하다. 본 연구는 최근 5년 간 극소 저체중 출생아에서 발생한 전신성 칸디다 감염의 역학적 양상에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 2004년 1월 1일부터 2008년 12월 31일까지 가톨릭의과대학교 부속 3개 병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원한 극소 저체중 출생아 중 전신성 칸디다 감염이 발생한 환자 19명의 의무기록지를 후향적으로 검토하여 출생 체중, 재태기간, 진단시 나이, 위험 인자, 동반 질환, 항진균제 치료, 사망 등을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 19명(4.7%)의 극소 저체중 출생아에서 전신성 칸디다 감염이 진단되었다. 출생 체중은 평균 959.0$\pm$255.9 g이었고 재태기간은 26.7$\pm$2.1주였다. 동정된 균종은 C. albicans (4례), C. parapsilosis (9례), C. glabrata (2례), C. famata (2례)였고 아종을 분류하지 못한 경우가 2건 있었다. 위험 인자인 중심 정맥 카테터 사용, 항생제 정맥 영양과 지방 유제 투어, 기도 삽관, $H_2$ blocker 사용은 대부분의 환자에서 연관이 있었다. 칸디다 감염 환자 중 사망한 경우와 생존한 경우 간에 재태기간을 제외한 차이는 없었다. 19명의 감염자 중 9명(47.4%)이 사망하였고 칸디다 관련 사망은 4건(21.1%)이 있었다. 결 론 : 극소 저체중 출생아에서 전신성 칸디다 감염의 발생 빈도가 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며 이전에 비해 C. non-albicans 특히 C. parapsilosis로 인한 감염이 빈번했다. 신생아 중환자실에서 칸디다 감염은 사망률이 매우 높기 때문에 역학적 자료에 근거한 예방 요법 및 조기 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

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