Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sintering and Electrical Properties of Mn-doped ZnO-TeO2 Ceramics

Mn을 첨가한 ZnO-TeO2 세라믹스의 소결과 전기적 특성

  • Published : 2009.01.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated the sintering and electric properties of ZnO-1.0 at% $TeO_2$ (ZT1) and 1.0 at% Mn-doped ZT1(ZT1M1) system. $TeO_2$ itself melts at $732^{\circ}C$ in air but forms the $ZnTeO_3$ or $Zn_2Te_3O_8$ phase with ZnO as increasing temperature and therefore retards the densification of ZnO to $1000^{\circ}C$. In ZT1M1 system, also, the densification of ZnO was retarded up to $1000^{\circ}C$ and then reached > 90% of theoretical density above $1100^{\circ}C$. It was found that a good varistor characteristics(nonlinear coefficient $a{\sim}60$) were developed in ZT1M1 system sintered at $1100^{\circ}C$ due to Mn which known as improving the nonlinearity of ZnO varistors. The results of C-V characteristics such as barrier height (${\Phi}_b$), donor density ($N_D$), depletion layer (W), and interface state density ($N_t$) in ZT1M1 ceramics were $1.8{\times}10^{17}cm^{-3}$, 1.6 V, 93 nm, and $1.7{\times}10^{12}cm^{-2}$, respectively. Also we measured the resistance and capacitance of grain boundaries with temperature using impedance and electric modulus spectroscopy. It will be discussed about the stability and homogeneity of grain boundaries using distribution parameter ($\alpha$) simulated with the Z(T)"-logf plots.

Keywords

References

  1. D. R. Clarke, 'Varistor ceramics', J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 82, No. 3, p. 485, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01793.x
  2. T. K. Gupta, 'Application of zinc oxide varistors', J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 73, No. 7, p. 1817, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05232.x
  3. M. Matsuoka, 'Nonohmic properties of zinc oxide ceramics', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 10, No. 6, p. 736, 1971 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.10.736
  4. K. Mukae, K. Tsuda, and I. Nagasawa, 'Non-ohmic properties of ZnO-rare earth metal oxide-$Co_3O_4$ ceramics', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 16, No. 8, p. 1361, 1977 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.16.1361
  5. J. Kim, T. K. Kimura, and T. Yamaguchi, 'Sintering of zinc oxide doped with antimony oxide and bismuth oxide', J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 72, No. 8, p. 1390, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb07659.x
  6. S. Hirose, Y. Yamamoto, and H. Niimi, 'Effect of local electrical properties on the electrostatic discharge withstand capability of multilayered chip ZnO varistors', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 104, p. 013701, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2949262
  7. J. K. Tsai and T. B. Wu, 'Non-ohmic characteristics of ZnO-$V_2O_5$ceramics', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 76, No. 8, p. 4817, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.357254
  8. H. Burger, K. Kneipp, H. Hobert, W. Vogel, V. Kozhukharov, and S. Neov, 'Glass formation, properties and structure of glasses in the $TeO_2$-ZnO system', J. Non-Cryst. Solids, Vol. 151, No. 1-2, p. 134, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(92)90020-K
  9. 홍연우, 신효순, 여동훈, 김종희, 김진호, 'ZnO-$Bi_{2}O_{3}$-$Sb_{2}O_{3}$ 세라믹스의 전기적 특성', 전기전자재료학회논문지, 21권, 8호, p. 738, 2008 https://doi.org/10.4313/JKEM.2008.21.8.738
  10. M. Andres-Verges and A. R. West, 'Impedance and modulus spectroscopy of ZnO varistors', J. Electroceram., Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 125, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009906315725
  11. I. M. Hodge, M. D. Ingram, and A. R. West, 'Impedance and modulus spectroscopy of polycrystalline solid electrolytes', J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol. 74, No. 2, p. 125, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(76)80229-X
  12. J. R. Macdonald, 'Impedance Spectroscopy: Emphasizing Solid materials and Systems', Wiley, New York, p. 1, 1987
  13. 홍연우, '직류 및 교류 유전함수를 이용한 $M_{tr}$O-doped ZnO-$Bi_{2}O_{3}$O3-$Sb_{2}O_{3}$ ($M_{tr}$=Mn,Co,Ni,Cr) 계의 입계특성 해석', 박사학위논문, 경북대학교, 2004
  14. K. A. Abdullah, A. Bui, and A. Loubiere, 'Low frequency and low temperature behavior of ZnO-based varistor by ac impedance measurements', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 69, No. 7, p. 4046, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.348414
  15. M. L. Mendelson, 'Average grain size in polycrystalline ceramics', J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 52, No. 8, p. 443, 1969 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1969.tb11975.x
  16. 홍연우, 김진호, 'Mn을 첨가한 ZnO-$Bi_{2}O_{3}$-$Sb_{2}O_{3}$계 바리스터의 상발달과 소결거동', 한국세라믹학회지, 37권, 7호, p. 651, 2000
  17. Y. W. Hong and J. H. Kim, 'The electrical properties of $Mn_{3}O_{4}$-doped ZnO', Ceram. Int., Vol. 30, No. 7, p. 1301, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2003.12.028