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The Effects of Heat Treatments and Herb Addition on Flavor of Garlic

가열처리 및 허브첨가에 의한 무취 마늘 소재 개발

  • Jeon, Mi-Ra (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Min-Hee (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Yeon (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Mee-Ree (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University)
  • 전미라 (충남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김민희 (충남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미연 (충남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미리 (충남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.01.31

Abstract

The effects of heat treated and herb added garlic (Allium sativum L.) on the antioxidant activities were investigated. Boiling ($100^{\circ}C$, 60 min), steaming ($100^{\circ}C$, 30 min), baking ($120^{\circ}C$, 10 min), or high temperature and high pressure (HTHP, $120^{\circ}C$, 20 min, 1.5 kgf/$cm^2$) were applied, and several herbs were added to garlic. Hunter color L-value of heated garlic was significantly decreased, compared to that of control (fresh garlic), whereas a-value and b-value were increased (p<0.05). In the texture profile analysis, hardness, chewiness and gumminess of heated garlic were decreased, whereas adhesiveness was increased. The antioxidant activities determined by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were decreased in HTHP garlic. The pungent taste and garlic odor were the weakest in HTHP garlic. Especially, the pungent taste of HTHP garlic was not detectable. Green tea among several herbs (bay leaf, cinnamon bark, pine needles) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Addition of green tea to HTHP garlic was appropriate for decreasing antioxidative activity of HTHP garlic compared to fresh garlic. Based on these results, it was suggested that high temperature and high pressure treated garlic with green tea might be very useful as a substitute for odorless functional garlic products.

마늘을 여러 가지 방법으로 열처리해 새로운 무취마늘 식품소재를 개발하기 위해 마늘을 삶기($100^{\circ}C$, 60 min), 찌기 ($100^{\circ}C$, 30 min), 굽기($120^{\circ}C$, 10 min), 고온고압처리($120^{\circ}C$, 20 min, 1.5 kgf/$cm^2$)하여 이화학적, 관능적 특성 및 항산화성을 평가하였다. 마늘의 색도 측정 결과 생마늘에 비해 가열처리된 마늘이 L값이 감소하였으며, a값과 b값은 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 가열처리된 마늘의 기계적 경도, 씹힘성, 검성은 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 고온고압 처리한 경우에 크게 감소하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 hydroxyl 라디칼 소거능에 대한 항산화 활성은 생마늘(대조구)에 비해 가열처리된 마늘에서 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 가열방법에 따라서는 고온고압처리 마늘이 항산화 활성이 가장 우수하였다. 관능적 특성 중 강도평가에서 매운맛, 마늘 냄새에 대해서는 생마늘에 비해 가열처리된 마늘이 유의적으로 강도가 낮게 평가되었고(p<0.05), 특히 고온고압처리 마늘이 매운맛(1.6점), 자극적 냄새(1.5점)가 가장 적었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 마늘 무취화를 위한 가열처리 방법으로는 고온고압처리가 가장 적합하다고 판단하였다. 그리고 가열처리로 인한 항산화성 감소를 보완하고자, 마늘을 고온고압처리 시 허브(녹차, 월계수, 계피, 솔잎)를 10% 첨가하여 DPPH radical 소거능으로 항산화성을 평가한 결과 녹차를 첨가했을 때 가장 우수한 항산화성을 보였다. 또한 경제적인 면을 고려하여 녹차의 첨가량을 1%로 줄이고 5% 숯을 첨가하여 DPPH radical 소거능을 측정했을 때 10% 첨가구에 비해 $IC_{50}$값이 감소하여 적은 양의 녹차로도 항산화작용이 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 마늘의 무취화에 고온고압처리를 적용할 수 있으며, 녹차를 함께 첨가할 경우 항산화성 보완할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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