온도, 입실시기 및 GA₃ 처리가 수국의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향

Effect of Temperature, Glasshouse Forcing Date and GA₃ on the Growth and Flowering of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser.

수국의 분화 생산을 위하여 온도, 입실시기 및 $GA_3$ 처리가 수국의 생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 온도처리별 초장은 $20^{\circ}C$의 6.7 cm에 비해 $5^{\circ}C$에서 38cm로 현저히 길어졌으며 경장도 같은 경향이었다. 엽장 및 엽폭은 온도처리가 낮을수록 넓어졌으며, 줄기직경은 굵어지는 경향이었다. 개화시는 $5^{\circ}C$에 비해 $15^{\circ}C$ 및 $20^{\circ}C$에서 현저히 단축시킬 수 있었으며, 개화소요일수는 $5^{\circ}C$의 161일에 비해 $15^{\circ}C$에서 88일 소요되었다. 개화율은 온도 처리별 75.8~90.7% 정도이었다. 입실시기별 초장은 입실시기가 늦어질수록 길어졌으며, 엽장 및 엽폭도 같은 경향이었다. $GA_3$ 처리시 초장은 대조구에 비해 $GA_3$ 처리 농도가 높을수록 증가하였고, 엽장 및 엽폭도 같은 경향이었다. 개화시는 12월 30일 입실시 대조구 3월 17일에 비해 $GA_3$ $50mgL^{-1}$ 처리시 7일 조기개화되었고, 개화소요일수는 입실시기가 늦을수록 크게 단축되었다. 화방폭은 12월 30일 입실시 대조구에 비해 $GA_3$ 처리시 증가되었고, 개화율은 1월 15일 $GA_3$ $50mgL^{-1}$ 처리 97.9%에 비해 11월 15일 대조구에서 62.3%로 현저하게 감소하였다.

Studies were carried out to elucidate the effect of temperature, glasshouse forcing date and $GA_3$ on the growth and flowering of pot Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. The plant height was elongated in the $5^{\circ}C$ treatments as 38 cm compared with $20^{\circ}C$ treatment as 6.7 cm, and stem length showed the similar results. The leaf length and width was broadened in the lower temperature, and stem diameter showed the same tendency. The first flowering date in the $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ treatment shortened markedly than $5^{\circ}C$ treatment. Days to flowering date of $5^{\circ}C$ was 161 day, while it shortened as 88 day in the $15^{\circ}C$ treatment. The flowering rate was 75.8~90.7% in the temperature. The plant height was elongated in the late glasshouse forcing date, and the leaf length and width showed the similar tendency. The plant height increased in the higher concentration of $GA_3$ compared to the control, and leaf length and width showed the similar results. The first flowering day was advanced by 7 days in the $GA_3$ $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment which had been transferred to greenhouse on Dec. 30 compared with the control of which first flowering day was March 17, and the days to first flowering was conspicuously shortened in the late glasshouse forcing treatment. The width of flower cluster was increased in the $GA_3$ at Dec. 30 glasshouse forcing treatment. The flowering rate was markedly decreased as 62.3% in the control of Nov. 15 treatment, but was increased as 97.9% of $GA_3$ $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of Jan. 15 treatment.