Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Micronucleus Test of Kong-Jin-Dan, a Polyherbal Formula, in Bone Marrow Cells of Male ICR Mice

  • Lee, Sang-Nam (College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Park, Ji-Ha (College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Ku, Sae-Kwang (College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University)
  • Published : 2008.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this research, the genotoxic effects of Kong-Jin-Dan(KJD), a polyherbal formula were evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. KJD was administered once a day for 2 continuous days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control. The appearance of a micronucleus is used as an index for genotoxic potential. In addition, the changes on the total white blood cells and differential counts on the lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes in the prepared blood smears were also conducted to observe the possible immunosuppress. The results obtained indicated that KJD shows no genotoxicity effects up to 2000 mg/kg dosing levels, but KJD shows slight increased trends in the blood total leukocyte numbers as pharmacological effects of immune stimulation. In addition, it is also considered that there were no problems from cytotoxicity of KJD tested in this study because the polychromatic erythrocyte ratio was detected as > 0.42 in all tested groups.

Keywords

References

  1. Ashby, J. (1985). Is there a continuing role for the intraperitoneal injection route of exposure in short-term rodent genotoxicity assays? Mutat. Res., 156, 239-243 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(85)90069-2
  2. Dourish, C.T. (1987). Effects of drugs on spontaneous motor activity in experimental psychopharmacology (Greenshaw A.J. and Dourish, C.T., Eds.), Humana Press, Clifton, pp. 325-334
  3. El-Bayoumy, K. (2001). The protective role of selenium on genetic damage and on cancer, Mutat. Res., 475, 123-139 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(01)00075-6
  4. Grochow, L.B. (1996). Covalent-DNA binding drugs in The chemotherapy source book (Perry, M.C., Ed.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 293-316
  5. Heddle, J.A. (1973). A rapid in vivo test for chromosome damage, Mutat. Res., 18, 187-190 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(73)90035-3
  6. Heddle, J.A., Hite, M., Kirkhart, B., Mavournin, K., MacGregor, J.T., Newell, G.W. and Salamone, M.F. (1983). The induction of micronuclei as a measure of genotoxicity: a report of the U.S. environmental protection agency genetox program, Mutat. Res., 123, 61-118 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(83)90047-7
  7. Heddle, J.A., Stuart, E. and Salamone, M.F. (1984). The bone marrow micronucleus test in Handbook of mutagenicity test procedures (Kilbey, B.J., Legator, M., Nichols, W. and Ramel, C., Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 441-457
  8. Kalantari, H., Larki, A. and Latifi, S.M. (2007). The genotoxicity study of garlic and pasipy herbal drops by peripheral blood micronucleus test. Acta Physiol. Hung., 94, 261-266 https://doi.org/10.1556/APhysiol.94.2007.3.10
  9. Kim, Y.H. and Bae, M.J. (2001). The effect of Kong Jin Dan on the lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat-diet. J. East- West Med., 14, 61-78
  10. Kim, Y.S., Lee, J.D., Kim, C.H., Choi, D.Y., Park, D.S., Nam, S.S. and Kang, S.K. (1999). The Effect of Kongjindan Aqua-acupuncture on the CD4+ T cell count at al. in rats were administered with MTX. J. Korean Acup. Moxi. Soc 16, 179-202
  11. Korea Food and Drug Administration. (2005). Testing Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of Drugs (Notification No. 2005-60, issued by the Korea Food and Drug Administration on October 21, 2005)
  12. Lee, J.E., Kim, H.J., Choi, E.K, Chai, H.Y., Yun, Y.W., Kim, D.J., Nam, S.Y., Lee, B.J., Ahn, B.W., Kang, H.G. and Kim, Y.B. (2003). Four-week repeated-dose toxicity study on Pinellia Extract. Korean J. Lab. Anim. Sci., 19, 127-141
  13. Matter, B. and Schmid, W. (1971). Trenimon-induced chromosomal damage in bone-marrow cells of six mammalian species, evaluated by the micronucleus test, Mutat. Res., 12, 417-425 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(71)90092-3
  14. Miyauchi, A., Hiramine, C., Tanaka, S. and Hojo, K. (1990). Differential effects of a single dose of cyclophosphamide on T cell subsets of the thymus and spleen in mice: flow cytofluorometry analysis, Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 162, 147-167 https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.162.147
  15. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (Ed.). (1997). Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals TG No. 474. Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test, July 21, 1997
  16. Irwin, S. (1968). Comprehensive observational assessment: Ia. A systemic, quantitative procedure for assessing the behavioral and physiological state of the mouse. Psychopharmacology, 13, 222-257 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00401402
  17. Park, M.Y., Choi, H.Y., Kim, J.D., Lee, H.S. and Ku, S.K. (2007). Single oral dose toxicity test of Kong-Jin-Dan, a polyherbal formula in ICR mice. J. Appl. Pharmacology, 15, 245-251 https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2007.15.4.245
  18. Renner, H.W. (1990). In vivo effects of single or combined dietary antimutagens on mutagen-induced chromosomal aberrations, Mutat. Res., 244, 185-188 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(90)90070-Z
  19. Schimid, W. (1975). The Micronucleus Test, Mutat. Res., 31, 9-15 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(75)90058-8
  20. Von Ledebur, M. and Schmid, W. (1973). The micronucleus test - methodological aspects, Mutat. Res., 19, 109-117 https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(73)90118-8