Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society (천문학회지)

The Korean Astronomical Society (한국천문학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

COLORS, AGES, AND METALLICITIES OF GALAXIES IN SIX NEARBY GALAXY CLUSTERS

  • Lee, Jong-Chul (Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Myung-Gyoon (Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Hyun (Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University)
  • Published : 2008.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We present an optical-infrared photometric study of galaxies in six nearby clusters of galaxies at $z=0.041{\sim}0.098$ (A1436, A1773, A1809, A2048, A2142, and A2152). Using BV I photometry obtained at the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomical observatory and $JHK_S$ photometry extracted from the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey catalog, we investigate the colors of galaxies in the clusters. Using the (B - V) versus ($I\;-\;K_S$) color-color diagrams in comparison with the simple stellar population model, we estimate the ages and metallicities of bright early-type member galaxies. Early-type galaxies in each cluster show the color-magnitude relation. Ages and metallicities of early-type members show little dependence on their velocity dispersions. Mean ages of early-types in the clusters range from 3 Gyr to 20 Gyr, showing a large dispersion, and mean metallicities range from Z = 0.03 to 0.05 above the solar value, showing a negligible dispersion.

Keywords

References

  1. Aaronson, M., 1978, The morphological distribution of bright galaxies in the UVK color plane,ApJ, 221, 103 https://doi.org/10.1086/182674
  2. Abell, G. O., 1958, The Distribution of Rich Clusters of Galaxies, ApJS, 3, 211 https://doi.org/10.1086/190036
  3. Abell, G. O., Corwin, H. G., & Jr, Olowin, R. P., 1989, A catalog of rich clusters of galaxies, ApJS, 70, 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/191333
  4. Adelman-McCarthy, J. K., et al., 2008, The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, ApJS, 175, 297 https://doi.org/10.1086/524984
  5. Bautz, L. P. & Morgan, W. W., 1970, On the Classification of the Forms of Clusters of Galaxies, ApJ, 162, 149 https://doi.org/10.1086/180643
  6. Bell, E. F. & de Jong, R. S., 2000, The stellar populations of spiral galaxies, MNRAS, 312, 497 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03138.x
  7. Bernardi, M., Sheth, R. K., Nichol, R. C., Schneider, D. P., & Brinkmann, J., 2005, Colors, Magnitudes, and Velocity Dispersions in Early-Type Galaxies: Implications for Galaxy Ages and Metallicities, AJ, 129, 61 https://doi.org/10.1086/426336
  8. Bertin, E. & Arnouts, S., 1996, SExtractor: Software for source extraction, A&AS, 117, 393 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1996164
  9. Bessell, M. S., 1990, UBVRI passbands, PASP, 102, 1181 https://doi.org/10.1086/132749
  10. Blakeslee, J. P., Metzger, M. R., Kuntschner, H., & Cote, P., 2001, Lensing in the Hercules Supercluster, AJ, 121, 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/318021
  11. Blanton, M. R., Brinkmann, J., Csabai, I., Doi, M., Eisenstein, D., Fukugita, M., Gunn, J. E., Hogg, D. W., & Schlegel, D. J., 2003, Estimating Fixed-Frame Galaxy Magnitudes in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, AJ, 125, 2348 https://doi.org/10.1086/342935
  12. Bolzonella, M., Miralles, J. M., & Pello, R., 2000, Photometric redshifts based on standard SED fitting procedures, A&A, 363, 476
  13. Bower, R. G., Lucey, J. R., & Ellis, R. S., 1992, Precision Photometry of Early Type Galaxies in the Coma and Virgo Clusters - a Test of the Universality of the Colour / Magnitude Relation - Part Two - Analysis, MNRAS, 254, 601 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/254.4.601
  14. Bruzual, G. & Charlot, S., 2003, Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003, MNRAS, 344, 1000 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06897.x
  15. Cox, A. N., 2000, Allen's Astrophysical Quantities, 4th ed., Springer-Verlag, New York
  16. Fagotto, F., Bressan, A., Bertelli, G., & Chiosi, C., 1994, Evolutionary sequences of stellar models with new radiative opacities. IV. Z=0.004 and Z=0.008, A&AS, 105, 29
  17. Ferreras, I., Charlot, S., & Silk, J., 1999, TThe Age and Metallicity Range of Early-Type Galaxies in Clusters, ApJ, 521, 81 https://doi.org/10.1086/307513
  18. Fioc, M. & Rocca-Volmerange B., 1997, PEGASE: a UV to NIR spectral evolution model of galaxies. Application to the calibration of bright galaxy counts, A&A, 326, 950
  19. Gallazzi, A., Charlot, S., Brinchmann, J., White, S. D. M., & Tremonti, C. A., 2005, The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe, MNRAS, 362, 41 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09321.x
  20. Gallazzi, A., Charlot, S., Brinchmann, J., & White, S. D. M., 2006, Ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: new insight into the physical origin of the colour-magnitude and the Mg2- ${\sigma}V$ relations, MNRAS, 370, 1106 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10548.x
  21. Hogg, D. W., Blanton, M. R., Brinchmann, J., Eisenstein, D. J., Schlegel, D. J., Gunn, J. E., McKay, T. A., Rix, H., Bahcall, N. A., Brinkmann, J., & Meiksin, A., 2004, The Dependence on Environment of the Color-Magnitude Relation of Galaxies, ApJ, 601, 29 https://doi.org/10.1086/381749
  22. Holden, B. P., Stanford, S. A., Eisenhardt, P., & Dickinson, M., 2004, Evolution in the Color-Magnitude Relation of Early-Type Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies at z =1, AJ, 127, 2484 https://doi.org/10.1086/382722
  23. James, P. A., Salaris, M., Davies, J. I., Phillipps, S., & Cassisi, S., 2006, Optical/near-infrared colours of early-type galaxies and constraints on their star formation histories, MNRAS, 367, 339 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09978.x
  24. Jarrett, T. H., Chester, T., Cutri, R., Schneider, S., Skrutskie, M., & Huchra, J. P., 2000, 2MASS Extended Source Catalog: Overview and Algorithms, AJ, 119, 2498 https://doi.org/10.1086/301330
  25. Jimenez, R., Bernardi, M., Haiman, Z., Panter, B., & Heavens, A. F., 2007, The Ages, Metallicities, and Star Formation Histories of Early-Type Galaxies in the SDSS, ApJ, 669, 947 https://doi.org/10.1086/521323
  26. Jones, L. A., Smail, I., & Couch, W. J., 2000, Constraints on the Evolution of S0 Galaxies in Rich Clusters at Moderate Redshift, ApJ, 528, 118 https://doi.org/10.1086/308183
  27. Kauffmann, G. & Charlot, S., 1998, Chemical enrichment and the origin of the colour-magnitude relation of elliptical galaxies in a hierarchical merger model, MNRAS, 294, 705 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01322.x
  28. Kleinmann, S. G., Lysaght, M. G., Pughe, W. L., Schneider, S. E., Skrutskie, M. F., Weinberg, M. D., Price, S. D., Matthews, K., Soifer, B. T., & Huchra, J. P., 1994, The Two Micron All Sky Survey, AP&SS, 217, 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00990014
  29. Kodama, T., Arimoto, N., Barger, A. J., & Aragon- Salamance, A., 1998, Evolution of the colourmagnitude relation of early-type galaxies in distant clusters, A&A, 334, 99
  30. Kodama, T., Tanaka, I., Kajisawa, M., Kurk, J., Venemans, B., De Breuck, C., Vernet, J., & Lidman, C., 2007, The first appearance of the red sequence of galaxies in proto-clusters at 2 < -z < -3, MNRAS, 377, 1717 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11739.x
  31. Kron, R. G., 1980, Photometry of a complete sample of faint galaxies, ApJS, 43, 305 https://doi.org/10.1086/190669
  32. Landolt, A. U., 1992, UBVRI photometric standard stars in the magnitude range 11.5-16.0 around the celestial equator, AJ, 104, 340 https://doi.org/10.1086/116242
  33. Lee, M. G., 2003, On the Formation of Giant Elliptical Galaxies and Globular Clusters, JKAS, 36, 189
  34. Lee, H. C., Worthey, G., Trager, S. C., & Faber, S. M., 2007, On the Age and Metallicity Estimation of Spiral Galaxies Using Optical and Near-Infrared Photometry, ApJ, 664, 215 https://doi.org/10.1086/518855
  35. Li, Z., Han, Z., & Zhang, F., 2007, Potential of colors for determining age and metallicity of stellar populations, A&A, 464, 853 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20066337
  36. Li, Z. & Han, Z., 2008, Colour pairs for constraining the age and metallicity of stellar populations, MNRAS, 385, 1270 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12661.x
  37. Maraston, C., 2005, Evolutionary population synthesis: models, analysis of the ingredients and application to high-z galaxies, MNRAS, 362, 799 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09270.x
  38. Markevitch, M. et al., 2000, Chandra Observation of Abell 2142: Survival of Dense Subcluster Cores in a Merger, ApJ, 541, 542 https://doi.org/10.1086/309470
  39. Nelan, J. E., Smith, R. J., Hudson, M. J., Wegner, G. A., Lucey, J. R., Moore, S. A. W., Quinney, S. J., & Sunzeff, N. B., 2005, NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey. II. Age and Metallicity along the Red Sequence from Line-Strength Data, ApJ, 632, 137 https://doi.org/10.1086/431962
  40. Peletier, R. F. & Balcells, M., 1996, Ages of Galaxies Bulges and Disks From Optical and Near-Infrared Colors, AJ, 111, 2238 https://doi.org/10.1086/117958
  41. Poggianti, B. M., 1997, K and evolutionary corrections from UV to IR, A&AS, 122, 399 https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1997142
  42. Puzia, T. H., Zepf, S. E., Kissler-Patig, M., Hilker, M., Minniti, D., & Goudfrooij, P., 2002, Extragalactic globular clusters in the near-infrared. II. The globular clusters systems of NGC 3115 and NGC 4365, A&A, 391,453 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20020835
  43. Rakos, K., Schombert, J., & Odell, A., 2008, The Age of Cluster Galaxies from Continuum Colors, ApJ, 677, 1019 https://doi.org/10.1086/533513
  44. Renzini, A., 2006, Stellar Population Diagnostics of Elliptical Galaxy Formation, ARA&A, 44, 141 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092450
  45. Sandage, A. & Visvanathan, N., 1978, The colorabsolute magnitude relation for E and S0 galaxies. II - New colors, magnitudes, and types for 405 galaxies, ApJ, 223, 707 https://doi.org/10.1086/156305
  46. Schiavon, R. P., 2007, Population Synthesis in the Blue. IV. Accurate Model Predictions for Lick Indices and UBV Colors in Single Stellar Populations, ApJS, 171, 146 https://doi.org/10.1086/511753
  47. Schlegel, D. J., Finkbeiner, D. P., & Davis, M., 1998, Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds, ApJ, 500, 525 https://doi.org/10.1086/305772
  48. Smail, I., Kuntschner, H., Kodama, T., Smith, G. P., Packham, C., Fruchter, A. S., & Hook, R. N., 2001, A photometric study of the ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in A 2218, MNRAS, 323, 839 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04249.x
  49. Smith, R. J., Hudson, M. J., Nelan, J. E., Moore, S. A. W., Quinney, S. J., Wegner, G. A., Lucey, J. R., Davies, R. L., Malecki, J. J., Schade, D., & Suntzeff, N. B., 2004, NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey. I. Survey Design, Redshifts, and Velocity Dispersion Data, AJ, 128, 1558 https://doi.org/10.1086/423915
  50. Smith, R. J., Hudson, M. J., Lucey, J. R., Nelan, J. E., & Wegner, G. A., 2006, The NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey - III. Variations in the stellar populations of red-sequence galaxies from the cluster core to the virial radius, MNRAS, 369, 1419 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10393.x
  51. Stanford, S. A., Eisenhardt, P. R., & Dickinson, M., 1998, The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters, ApJ, 492, 461 https://doi.org/10.1086/305050
  52. Terlevich, A. I., Caldwell, N., & Bower, R. G., 2001, The colour-magnitude relation for galaxies in the Coma cluster, MNRAS, 326, 1547 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2001.04702.x
  53. Vazques, G. A. & Leitherer, C., 2005, Optimization of Starburst99 for Intermediate-Age and Old Stellar Populations, ApJ, 621, 695 https://doi.org/10.1086/427866
  54. Worthey, G.,1994, Comprehensive stellar population models and the disentanglement of age and metallicity effects, ApJS, 95, 107 https://doi.org/10.1086/192096
  55. Yoon, J. H., Schawinski, K., Sheen, Y.-K., Ree, C. H., & Yi, S. K., 2008, A Spectrophotometric Search for Galaxy Clusters in SDSS, ApJS, 176, 414 https://doi.org/10.1086/528958
  56. York, D. G., et al., 2000, The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary, AJ, 120, 1579 https://doi.org/10.1086/301513

Cited by

  1. The nature of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies in various classes based on morphology, colour and spectral features - II. Multi-wavelength properties vol.401, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15751.x