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Extraction Characteristics of Saponin and Acidic Polysaccharide Based on the Red Ginseng Particle Size

홍삼의 입자크기에 따른 사포닌 및 산성다당체의 추출 특성

  • Published : 2008.09.30

Abstract

Effect of pulverization on total solid, crude saponin, and acidic polysaccharide contents of dried red ginseng main root were tested. Several particle size samples, including red ginseng main root (non pulverized), $10{\sim}40$ mesh powder, $40{\sim}100$ mesh powder, and >100 mesh powder were used in the extraction. The sequential solvent extraction method (1st: 70% EtOH at $70^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr, 2nd: 70% EtOH at $70^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr, 3rd: water at $70^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr) was applied to extract the saponins and acidic polysaccharide. Extraction yield of total solid of pulverized red ginseng ($10{\sim}40$ mesh size) was increased to 20% compared with that of non-pulverized. Especially, the crude saponin content of pulverized red ginseng ($10{\sim}40$ mesh size) showed an increase of 47% over non-pulverized. No difference in the component ratio was observed by pulverization, when the individual ginsenosides were quantified by HPLC. Also, extraction yield of acidic polysaccharide of pulverized red ginseng ($10{\sim}40$ mesh size) was increased 57% compared with that of non-pulverized. The results suggested that pulverization might be useful for increasing the extraction yield of red ginseng components.

홍삼의 분말화가 홍삼성분의 추출에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 기존의 홍삼동체로부터 유용성분을 추출하는 방법과 홍삼을 분말화하여 추출하는 방법을 비교 시험하였다. 서로 다른 입도분포를 가지는 3종의 홍삼분말 ($10{\sim}40$, $40{\sim}100$, 100 mesh 이상)을 제조한 후 원형홍삼 및 홍삼분말을 이용하여 48시간 추출실험을 한 결과 입도의 크기가 가장 큰 $10{\sim}40$ mesh 홍삼분말이 가장 높은 추출수율을 나타내었다. 특히 짧은 추출시간 (12시간)대에서 원형홍삼과 비교하여 큰 수율차이를 보였다. 홍삼의 분말화가 일반적인 연속추출방법에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 3차의 용매변경 연속추출방법(1차 추출: $70^{\circ}C$ 에탄올 12시간, 2차 추출: $70^{\circ}C$ 에탄올 12시간, 3차 추출: $70^{\circ}C$ 열수 12시간)을 이용하여 추출을 수행한 결과 3차 추출까지 끝낸 상태에서의 고형분 추출수율은 $10{\sim}40$ mesh 홍삼분말이 36.2%로서 원형삼의 29.9%에 비해 약 20% 이상의 수율 증가를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 홍삼분말 추출물내의 유용성분 분석결과 조사포닌, 총사포닌 모두 $10{\sim}40$ mesh 홍삼분말에서 추출수율이 가장 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 조사포닌의 경우 $10{\sim}40$ mesh 홍삼분말 추출물의 수율이 2.6%로서 원형삼 추출물의 1.77%보다 약 47% 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. HPLC를 이용한 사포닌 조성분석결과 모든 홍삼분말 추출물들이 비슷한 사포닌 조성을 나타낸 것으로 미루어 보아 분말화에 의한 사포닌 조성 변성은 일어나지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. 홍삼내의 다른 유용성분인 산성다당체의 경우에는 기존 원형홍삼에 비해 분말화된 홍삼들의 추출수율이 높아졌으며 가장 미세 분쇄된 100 mesh 이상의 홍삼분말에서 2.9%의 추출수율을 보여 원형삼 추출액의 1.37%에 비해 2배이상 높은 추출수율을 나타내었다. 본 결과는 추출공정에 분말화된 홍삼을 이용할 경우 추출시간의 단축 및 홍삼성분의 추출효율을 높일 수 있음을 시사하는 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

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