Multiplex PCR of Endotracheal Aspirate for the Detection of Pathogens in Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

기계환기폐렴의 원인균 진단에서 인공기도 흡인액을 이용한 Multiplex PCR과 세균배양 결과의 비교

  • Song, Ju Han (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Myung, Soon Chul (Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Choi, Song Ho (Department of Cell Genomics, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Jeon, Eun Ju (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kang, Hyung Gu (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Hye Min (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Cho, Sung Keun (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Choi, Jae Chol (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Shin, Jong Wook (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Park, In Won (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Choi, Byoung Whui (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Jae Yeol (Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University)
  • 송주한 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 명순철 (중앙대학교 의과대학 비뇨기과학교실) ;
  • 최송호 (중앙대학교 의과대학 Cell Genomics) ;
  • 전은주 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 강형구 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이혜민 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 조성근 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 최재철 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 신종욱 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박인원 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 최병휘 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김재열 (중앙대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2007.12.24
  • Accepted : 2008.02.04
  • Published : 2008.03.30

Abstract

Background: Early identification of pathogens can improve the prognosis of patients with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of performing multiplex PCR for endotracheal aspirates to detect three important pathogens (P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and MRSA) in patients with VAP. Methods: The endotracheal aspirates of 24 patients were collected within 24 hours of the diagnosis of VAP for performing multiplex PCR. Forward and reverse primers were designed to target the specific site of each pathogen (the oprL gene for P. aeruginosa, 16S rRNA for K. pneumoniae and the mec gene for MRSA). We analyzed the clinical data of the VAP patients, including the culture reports for the endotracheal aspirates. Results: Twenty-four patients (M:F=18:6, mean age=$70{\pm}11$) with VAP were enrolled. Pathogens were isolated from 11 patients (P. aeruginosa in 2, K. pneumoniae in 1, MRSA in 2, other enteric Gram negative bacilli in 3, S. pneumoniae in 2 and mixed infection in 1). Multiplex PCR detected three cases of P.aeruginosa (2 cases coincided with the culture reports) and four cases of K. pneumoniae (1 matched with the culture report). PCR detected two MRSA cases, which did not coincide with the culture reports. Conclusion: Multiplex PCR of the endotracheal aspirate showed some ability to detect Gram negative bacilli, although caution is required when interpreting the results.

연구배경: 기계환기폐렴의 원인균을 조기에 진단하면 이 질환의 예후를 개선할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기관내튜브 흡인액을 이용하여 기계환기폐렴의 주된 원인균인 녹농균, 폐렴막대균 그리고 메치실린내성 포도알균에 대한 multiplex PCR법을 시행하여 기계환기폐렴의 원인균을 조기에 진단할 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 방법: 기계환기폐렴으로 진단된 환자에서 24시간 이내에 기관내튜브 흡인액을 채취하여 $20^{\circ}C$ 냉동실에 보관하였고, 추후에 multiplex PCR을 시행하였다. Forward & reverse primer는 각각의 원인균에 특이한 부위에 맞춰서 제작하였다(녹농균의 oprL gene, 폐렴막대균의 16S rRNA, 메치실린내성 포도알균의 mec gene). 기관내튜브흡인액의 배양검사를 포함한 기계환기폐렴 환자의 임상적 및 검사실 소견을 함께 분석하였다. 결과: 총 24명(남자 18명, 여자 6명)의 기계환기폐렴 환자가 연구에 포함되었다. 나이(평균${\pm}$표준편차)는 $70{\pm}11$세였다. 모든 환자는 기저질환을 가지고 있었다. 기관내튜브 흡인액의 배양에서 11명에서 원인균이 검출되었다(녹농균 2예, 폐렴막대균 1예, 메치실린내성 포도알 균 2예, 기타 그람음성간균 3예, 폐렴알균 2예, 복합감염 1예). 녹농균에 대한 multiplex PCR은 3예에서 양성이 나왔으며, 2예가 배양결과와 일치하였다. 폐렴막대균에 대해서는 4예에서 양성이었으며, 1예가 배양결과와 일치하였다. 메치실린내성 포도알균은 2예에서 양성이었으나, 모두 배양결과와 일치하지 않았다. 기계환기폐렴의 예후는 적절한 항생제의 사용 여부와 폐렴 발생 당시의 APA-CHE III score에 영향을 받았다. 결론: 기관내튜브 흡인액을 이용한 multiplex PCR법은 기계환기폐렴에서 그람음성균의 진단에는 가능성을 보였으나, 향후 실제 유용성에 대해서는 추가 연구가 필요 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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