Assessment of Two Clinical Prediction Models for a Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with a Suspected Pulmonary Embolism

폐색전증이 의심된 환자에서 두 가지 폐색전증 진단 예측 모형의 평가

  • Park, Jae Seok (Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Won-Il (Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Min, Bo Ram (Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Jie Hae (Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Chae, Jin Nyeong (Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jeon, Young June (Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yu, Ho Jung (Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Young (Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Gyoung-Ju (Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ko, Sung-Min (Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine)
  • 박재석 (계명대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 최원일 (계명대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 민보람 (계명대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박지혜 (계명대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 채진녕 (계명대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 전영준 (계명대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 유호정 (계명대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 김지영 (계명대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 김경주 (계명대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실) ;
  • 고성민 (계명대학교 의과대학 영상의학교실)
  • Received : 2008.02.05
  • Accepted : 2008.03.28
  • Published : 2008.04.30

Abstract

Background: Estimation of the probability of a patient having an acute pulmonary embolism (PE) for patients with a suspected PE are well established in North America and Europe. However, an assessment of the prediction rules for a PE has not been clearly defined in Korea. The aim of this study is to assess the prediction rules for patients with a suspected PE in Korea. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 210 inpatients or patients that visited the emergency ward with a suspected PE where computed tomography pulmonary angiography was performed at a single institution between January 2005 and March 2007. Simplified Wells rules and revised Geneva rules were used to estimate the clinical probability of a PE based on information from medical records. Results: Of the 210 patients with a suspected PE, 49 (19.5%) patients had an actual diagnosis of a PE. The proportion of patients classified by Wells rules and the Geneva rules had a low probability of 1% and 21%, an intermediate probability of 62.5% and 76.2%, and a high probability of 33.8% and 2.8%, respectively. The prevalence of PE patients with a low, intermediate and high probability categorized by the Wells rules and Geneva rules was 100% and 4.5% in the low range, 18.2% and 22.5% in the intermediate range, and 19.7% and 50% in the high range, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the revised Geneva rules had a higher accuracy than the Wells rules in terms of detecting PE. Concordance between the two prediction rules was poor ($\kappa$ coefficient=0.06). Conclusion: In the present study, the two prediction rules had a different predictive accuracy for pulmonary embolisms. Applying the revised Geneva rules to inpatients and emergency ward patients suspected of having PE may allow a more effective diagnostic process than the use of the Wells rules.

연구배경: 급성 폐색전증의 발생을 예측하는 Wells 및 Geneva 예측 모형은 서구에서 잘 확립되어 있다. 폐색전증의 역학이 서구와 다를 것으로 보이는 국내에서의 예측모형의 유용성에 대해서 평가 하고자 한다. 방법: 단일 의료기관에서 폐색전증 의심 하에 multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT)를 시행한 환자 210명을 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 성별 구성은 남자 90명(42.9%), 여자 120명(57.1%)이었고, 평균 연령은 $63.3{\pm}15.9$세였다. 의무기록을 바탕으로 Wells 및 개정된 Geneva 예측 모형으로 폐색전증의 가능성에 대해 저위험군, 중등도 위험군, 고위험군으로 분류하였다. 결과: 폐색전증으로 진단된 환자는 210명 중 41명(19.5%)이었다. Wells 예측 모형을 적용한 폐색전증 발병 가능성 평가에서는, 2명(1%)이 저위험군, 137명(62.5%)이 중등도 위험군, 71명(3.8%)이 고위험군으로 분류되었고, 각 군에서 폐색전증의 발생률은 10%, 18.2%, 19.7%였다. 개정된 Geneva 예측 모형을 적용할 경우 44명(21%)이 저위험군, 160명(76.2%)이 중등도 위험군, 6명(2.8%)이 고위험군으로 분류되었고, 각 군에서 폐색전증의 발생률은 4.5%, 2.5%, 50%로 나타났다. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) 곡선 분석에서 개정된 Geneva 예측 모형이 Wells 예측 모형에 비해 정확도가 높았다. 두 예측 모형 사이의 일치율은 불량했다($\kappa$ coefficient=0.06). 결론: 본 연구에서는 폐색전증이 의심되는 환자에서 개정된 Geneva 예측모형과 Wells 예측 모형으로 평가하여 두 모형 사이에 일치율이 불량하였으며, 개정된 Geneva 모형이 Wells 모형에 비해 폐색전증 진단 예측이 더 정확하였다.

Keywords

References

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