Wind and Structures

  • 제11권1호
  • /
  • Pages.51-70
  • /
  • 2008
  • /
  • 1226-6116(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6225(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Pedestrian wind conditions at outdoor platforms in a high-rise apartment building: generic sub-configuration validation, wind comfort assessment and uncertainty issues

  • Blocken, B. (Building Physics and Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven) ;
  • Carmeliet, J. (Building Physics and Systems, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven)
  • 투고 : 2007.09.13
  • 심사 : 2008.01.25
  • 발행 : 2008.02.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

CFD is applied to evaluate pedestrian wind comfort at outdoor platforms in a high-rise apartment building. Model validation is focused on generic building sub-configurations that are obtained by decomposition of the actual complex building geometry. The comfort study is performed during the design stage, which allows structural design changes to be made for wind comfort improvement. Preliminary simulations are performed to determine the effect of different design modifications. A full wind comfort assessment study is conducted for the final design. Structural remedial measures for this building, aimed at reducing pressure short-circuiting, appear to be successful in bringing the discomfort probability estimates down to acceptable levels. Finally, the importance of one of the main sources of uncertainty in this type of wind comfort studies is illustrated. It is shown that the uncertainty about the terrain roughness classification can strongly influence the outcome of wind comfort studies and can lead to wrong decisions. This problem is present to the same extent in both wind tunnel and CFD wind comfort studies when applying the same particular procedure for terrain relation contributions as used in this paper.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ASCE Aerodynamics Committee. (2003), Outdoor human comfort and its assessment, State of the Art Report, Task Committee on Outdoor Human Comfort, American Society of Civil Engineers, Boston, VA, USA.
  2. Beranek, W. J. (1982), On avoiding wind nuisance around buildings, part 2 (Beperken van windhinder om gebouwen, deel 2), (in Dutch) Stichting Bouwresearch no. 90, Kluwer Technische Boeken BV, Deventer.
  3. Blocken, B., Roels, S. and Carmeliet, J. (2004), "Modification of pedestrian wind comfort in the Silvertop Tower passages by an automatic control system", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 92(10), 849-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.04.004
  4. Blocken. B., Carmeliet, J. and Stathopoulos, T. (2007a), "CFD evaluation of the wind speed conditions in passages between buildings - effect of wall-function roughness modifications on the atmospheric boundary layer flow", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 95(9-11), 941-962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.01.013
  5. Blocken, B., Stathopoulos, T. and Carmeliet, J. (2007b), "CFD simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer: wall function problems", Atmos. Environ., 41(2), 238-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.019
  6. Bottema, M. (2000). "A method for optimisation of wind discomfort criteria", Build. Environ., 35, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(98)00065-1
  7. Cebeci, T. and Bradshaw, P. (1977), Momentum Transfer in Boundary Layers, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York.
  8. Franke, J., Hirsch, C., Jensen, A. G., Krüs, H. W., Schatzmann, M., Westbury, P. S., Miles, S. D., Wisse, J. A. and Wright, N. G. (2004), "Recommendations on the use of CFD in wind engineering", International Conference on Urban Wind Engineering and Building Aerodynamics, COST Action C14, Impact of Wind and Storm on City Life Built Environment, von Karman Institute, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium.
  9. Franke, J. and Frank, W. (2005), "Numerical simulation of the flow across an asymmetric street intersection", Proceedings of the 4th European and African Conference on Wind Engineering (4EACWE), Prague, Czech Republic.
  10. Franke, J., Hellsten, A., Schlunzen, H. and Carissimo, B. (2007), "Best practice guideline for the CFD simulation of flows in the urban environment", COST Action 732: Quality Assurance and Improvement of Microscale Meteorological Models.
  11. Hargreaves, D. M. and Wright, N. G. (2007), "On the use of the k-$\varepsilon$ model in commercial CFD software to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 95(5), 355-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
  12. Hirsch, C., Bouffioux, V. and Wilquem, F. (2002), "CFD simulation of the impact of new buildings on wind comfort in an urban area", Workshop Proceedings, Cost Action C14, Impact of Wind and Storm on City Life and Built Environment, Nantes, France.
  13. Kim, S.-E. and Choudhury, D. (1995), "A near-wall treatment using wall functions sensitized to pressure gradient", ASME FED Vol. 217, Separated and Complex flows.
  14. Lawson, T. V. and Penwarden, A. D. (1975), "The effects of wind on people in the vicinity of buildings", 4th International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, Heathrow.
  15. Leitl, B. (2000). "Validation data for microscale dispersion modelling", EUROTRAC newsletter 22/2000.
  16. Livesey, F., Inculet, D., Isyumov, N. and Davenport, A. G. (1990), "A scour technique for evaluation of pedestrian winds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 36, 779-789. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90075-N
  17. Mochida, A., Tominaga, Y. and Yoshie, R. (2006), "AIJ Guideline for Practical Applications of CFD to Wind Environment around Buildings", 4th International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE2006), Yokohama, Japan.
  18. NEN. (2006a), Wind comfort and wind danger in the built environment, NEN 8100 (in Dutch) Dutch Standard.
  19. NEN. (2006b), Application of mean hourly wind speed statistics for the Netherlands, NPR 6097:2006 (in Dutch). Dutch Practice Guideline.
  20. Richards, P. J. and Hoxey, R. P. (1993), "Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 46&47, 145-153.
  21. Richards, P. J., Quinn, A. D. and Parker, S. (2002), "A 6 m cube in an atmospheric boundary layer flow. Part 2. Computational solutions", Wind Struct., 5(2-4), 177-192. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2002.5.2_3_4.177
  22. Richards, P. J., Mallison, G. D., McMillan, D. and Li, Y. F. (2002), "Pedestrian level wind speeds in downtown Auckland", Wind Struct., 5(2-4), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2002.5.2_3_4.151
  23. Shih, T. H., Liou, W. W., Shabbir, A. and Zhu, J. (1995), "A new k-$\varepsilon$ eddy-viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows - model development and validation", Comput. Fluids, 24(3), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7930(94)00032-T
  24. Simiu, E. and Scanlan, R. H. (1986), Wind effects on structures. An introduction to wind engineering, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  25. Stathopoulos, T. and Storms, R. (1986), "Wind environmental conditions in passages between buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 24, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(86)90070-X
  26. Stathopoulos, T. (2002), "The numerical wind tunnel for industrial aerodynamics: Real or virtual in the new millennium?", Wind Struct., 5(2-4), 193-208. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2002.5.2_3_4.193
  27. Verkaik, J. W. (2006), "On wind and roughness over land", PhD thesis, Wageningen Universiteit, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
  28. Wieringa, J. (1992), "Updating the Davenport roughness classification", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 41-44, 357-368.
  29. Willemsen, E. and Wisse, J. A. (2002), "Accuracy of assessment of wind speed in the built environment", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 90, 1183-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00231-3
  30. Willemsen, E. and Wisse, J. A. (2007), "Design for wind comfort in The Netherlands: Procedures, criteria and open research issues", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 95(9-11), 1541-1550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.02.006
  31. Wiren, B. G. (1975), "A wind tunnel study of wind velocities in passages between and through buildings", 4th International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, Heathrow.
  32. Wise, A. F. E. (1970), "Wind effects due to groups of buildings", Royal Society Symposium Architectural Aerodynamics, London.
  33. Wisse, J. A. and Willemsen, E. (2003), "Standardization of wind comfort evaluation in the Netherlands", 11th International Conference on Wind Engineering (11ICWE), Lubbock, Texas.
  34. Wisse, J. A., Verkaik, J. W. and Willemsen, E. (2007), "Climatology aspects of a wind comfort code", 12th International Conference on Wind Engineering (12ICWE), Cairns, Australia.
  35. Yang, W., Quan, Y., Jin, X., Tamura, Y. and Gu, M. (2007), "Influences of equilibrium atmosphere boundary layer and turbulence parameters on wind load distributions of low-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., Accepted for publication.
  36. Yoshie, R., Mochida, A., Tominaga, Y., Kataoka, H., Harimoto, K., Nozu, T. and Shirasawa, T. (2007), "Cooperative project for CFD prediction of pedestrian wind environment in the Architectural Institute of Japan", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 95(9-11), 1551-1578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.02.023

피인용 문헌

  1. Ten iterative steps for model development and evaluation applied to Computational Fluid Dynamics for Environmental Fluid Mechanics vol.33, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.001
  2. Pedestrian wind comfort around a large football stadium in an urban environment: CFD simulation, validation and application of the new Dutch wind nuisance standard vol.97, pp.5-6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.06.007
  3. On CFD simulation of wind-induced airflow in narrow ventilated facade cavities: Coupled and decoupled simulations and modelling limitations vol.45, pp.8, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.02.014
  4. Wind comfort in a public urban space—Case study within Dublin Docklands vol.2, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2012.12.002
  5. Exceedance probability as a tool to evaluate the wind environment of urban areas vol.11, pp.6, 2008, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2008.11.6.455
  6. Computational Fluid Dynamics for urban physics: Importance, scales, possibilities, limitations and ten tips and tricks towards accurate and reliable simulations vol.91, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.015
  7. Pedestrian wind comfort around buildings: Comparison of wind comfort criteria based on whole-flow field data for a complex case study vol.59, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.10.012
  8. CFD evaluation of new second-skin facade concept for wind comfort on building balconies: Case study for the Park Tower in Antwerp vol.68, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.07.004
  9. Computational evaluation of building physics—The effect of building form and settled area, microclimate on pedestrian level comfort around buildings vol.9, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-016-0277-4
  10. CFD simulation for pedestrian wind comfort and wind safety in urban areas: General decision framework and case study for the Eindhoven University campus vol.30, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.009
  11. Development of a computational fluid dynamics model with tree drag parameterizations: Application to pedestrian wind comfort in an urban area vol.124, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.08.008
  12. CFD simulation of pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings: Past achievements and prospects vol.121, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.008
  13. Study on the Change of Wind Field and Temperature According to Location of High-rise Building Using Micrometeorology Numerical Model vol.33, pp.5, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2011.33.5.340
  14. Investigation on Wind Environments of Surrounding Open Spaces Around a Public Building vol.33, pp.01, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2016.47
  15. Application of exceedance probability based on wind kinetic energy to evaluate the pedestrian level wind in dense urban areas vol.46, pp.9, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.03.003
  16. Improving simulation predictions of wind around buildings using measurements through system identification techniques vol.94, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.10.018
  17. RETRACTED: Computational fluid dynamics, a building simulation tool for achieving sustainable buildings vol.57, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.198
  18. Consistency of mean wind speed in pedestrian wind environment analyses: Mathematical consideration and a case study using large-eddy simulation vol.173, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.11.021
  19. Augmenting simulations of airflow around buildings using field measurements vol.28, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2014.06.003
  20. Urban Physics: Effect of the micro-climate on comfort, health and energy demand vol.1, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2012.05.002
  21. 50 years of Computational Wind Engineering: Past, present and future vol.129, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.03.008
  22. Pedestrian-level wind environment on outdoor platforms of a thousand-meter-scale megatall building: Sub-configuration experiment and wind comfort assessment vol.106, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.07.004
  23. Assessment of pedestrian wind environment in urban planning design vol.140, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.03.013
  24. Pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings: Review of wind-tunnel and CFD techniques and their accuracy for wind comfort assessment vol.100, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.02.004
  25. Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Water Surface in Building Environment vol.128, pp.1755-1315, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/128/1/012072
  26. LES over RANS in building simulation for outdoor and indoor applications: A foregone conclusion? vol.11, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-018-0459-3
  27. Design for improving pedestrian wind comfort: a case study on a courtyard around a tall building pp.1758-9622, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2018.1492899
  28. Analysis of wind environmental characteristics around a square building vol.146, pp.1755-1315, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/146/1/012026
  29. Computational assessment of blockage and wind simulator proximity effects for a new full-scale testing facility vol.13, pp.1, 2008, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2010.13.1.021
  30. Verification of a tree canopy model and an example of its application in wind environment optimization vol.15, pp.5, 2008, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2012.15.5.409
  31. A review on the study of urban wind at the pedestrian level around buildings vol.18, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.03.006
  32. An extensive comparison of modified zero-equation, standard k-ε, and LES models in predicting urban airflow vol.40, pp.None, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.010
  33. Field measurement and CFD simulation of wind pressures on rectangular attic vol.29, pp.6, 2008, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2019.29.6.471
  34. Wind power potential assessment of roof mounted wind turbines in cities vol.53, pp.None, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101905
  35. Numerical simulation of pedestrian level wind conditions: effect of building shape and orientation vol.20, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-019-09716-7
  36. CFD simulations can be adequate for the evaluation of snow effects on structures vol.13, pp.4, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-020-0643-0
  37. Modeling the parameters of hot radioactivity release as a result of an accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant vol.1701, pp.None, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1701/1/012005
  38. CFD analysis of the impact of geometrical characteristics of building balconies on near-façade wind flow and surface pressure vol.200, pp.None, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107904
  39. Integrated impacts of building height and upstream building on pedestrian comfort around ideal lift-up buildings in a weak wind environment vol.200, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107963
  40. Wake of Elongated Low-Rise Building at Oblique Incidences vol.12, pp.12, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121579
  41. Impact of morphological parameters on urban ventilation in compact cities: The case of the Tuscolano-Don Bosco district in Rome vol.807, pp.p2, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150490