References
- R.W. Benedict and H.F. McFarlane, 'EBR-II Spent Fuel Demonstration Project Status,' Radwaste, 5, 23 (1998)
- B.R. Westphal and R.D. Mariani, 'Uranium Processing during the Treatment of Sodium-Bonded Spent Nuclear Fuel,' JOM, 52 (9), 21 (2000)
- K.C. Marsden, C. Knight, K.J. Bateman, B.R. Westphal, and R.P. Lind, 'Process and Equipment Qualification of the Ceramic and Metal Waste Forms for Spent Fuel Treatment,' Proc. Global 2005, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct. 9-13, 2005
- H.F. McFarlane, K.M. Goff, T.J. Battisti, B.R. Westphal, and R.D. Mariani, 'Options for the Disposition of Uranium Recovered from Electrometallurgical Treatment of Sodium - Bonded Spent Nuclear Fuel,' ANL-NT-109, Argonne National Laboratory (1999)
- D. Vaden, B.R. Westphal, S.X. Li, and T.A. Johnson, 'Engineering Scale Liquid Cadmium Cathode Experiments,' Nucl. Tech., 162 (2008)
- S.X. Li, T.A. Johnson, B.R. Westphal, K.M. Goff, and R.W. Benedict, 'Electrorefining Experience for Pyrochemical Processing of Spent EBR-II Driver Fuel,' Proc. Global 2005, Tsukuba, Japan, Oct. 9-13, 2005
- S.X. Li, D. Vaden, R.W. Benedict, T.A. Johnson, B.R. Westphal, and G.L. Fredrickson, 'Integrated Efficiency Test for Pyrochemical Fuel Cycles,' Proc. Global 2007, Boise, ID, Sept. 9-13, 2007
- B.R. Westphal, J.C. Price, D. Vaden, and R.W. Benedict, 'Engineering-Scale Distillation of Cadmium for Actinide Recovery,' J. Alloys Comp., 444, 561 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.02.072
- A. Roine, HSC Chemistry 5.0 Thermochemical Database, Outokumpu Research Oy, Finland (2002)
- J.F. Lenc, W.E. Miller, G.J. Bernstein, A.L. Chandler, R.C. Paul, and E.F. Johnston, 'Retorting Unit for Recovery of Uranium from Zinc-Magnesium Solutions,' ANL-7503, Argonne National Laboratory (1969)
- C.E. Stevenson, The EBR-II Fuel Cycle Story, p. 85, ANS, La Grange Park, IL (1987)
- A.R. Brunsvold, P.D. Roach, and B.R. Westphal, 'Design and Development of a Cathode Processor for Electrometallurgical Treatment of Spent Nuclear Fuel,' Proc. of ICONE 8, Baltimore, MD, April 2-6, 2000
- B.R. Westphal, D.V. Laug, A.R. Brunsvold, and P.D. Roach, 'Initial Cathode Processing Experiences and Results for the Treatment of Spent Fuel,' Proc. of DOE Spent Nucl. Fuel & Fissile Mtl. Mgt., Reno, NV, June 16-20, 1996
- B.R. Westphal, D. Vaden, J.R. Liaw, and J.R. Krsul, 'Initial Results for Uranium Product from EBR-II Spent Fuel Treatment,' Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 76, 74 (1997)
- B.R. Westphal, A.R. Brunsvold, P.D. Roach, K.C. Marsden, B.A. Jensen, and D.V. Laug, 'Development of Cathode Processor and Casting Furnace Operating Conditions,' ANL-NT-110, Argonne National Laboratory (1999)
- A.R. Brunsvold, J.L. Krazinski, P.D. Roach, and C.W. Grandy, 'Design and Development of Improvements for Increased Performance of the Cathode Processor,' Proc. of ICONE 9, Nice, France, April 8-12, 2001
- B.R. Westphal, D.Vaden, T.Q. Hua, J.L. Willit, and D.V. Laug, 'Recent Developments at the Cathode Processor for Spent Fuel Treatment,' Proc. of DOE Spent Nucl. Fuel & Fissile Mtl. Mgt., Charleston, SC, Sept. 17-20, 2002
- B.R. Westphal, J.R. Krsul, and D.W. Maddison, 'Molten Salt Separation from Uranium During the Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel,' Proc. Light Metals 2002, Seattle, WA, Feb. 17-21, 2002
- E. Stumpp, 'The Intercalation of Metal Chlorides and Bromides into Graphite,' Mtl. Science Eng., 31, 53 (1977) https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(77)90011-8
- H.J. Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe, Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry, V. 23, p. 300, Academic Press Inc., New York (1980)
- C.W. Solbrig, B.R. Westphal, and R.W. Benedict, 'Thermal Performance of the Cathode Processor: Determination of the Most Important Parameter,' ANL-NT-174, Argonne National Laboratory (2001)
- B.R. Westphal, D. Vaden, L.W. Scott, S.R. Sherman, T.Q. Hua, and J.R. Krsul, 'Investigation of Plutonium in Uranium Products during Spent Fuel Treatment,' Plutonium Futures- The Science, Albuquerque, NM, July 6-10, 2003
- D.E. McKenzie, W.L. Elsdon, and J.W. Fletcher, 'The Extraction of Plutonium from Neutron-Irradiated Uranium by Uranium Trichloride and by Magnesium Chloride,' Can. J. Chem., 36, 1233 (1958) https://doi.org/10.1139/v58-180
- N.R. Chellew and R.K. Steunenberg, 'Extraction of Plutonium from Uranium-Plutonium Alloy with Uranium Trichloride,' Nucl. Appl., 3, 142 (1967) https://doi.org/10.13182/NT67-A27868
- S.M. McDeavitt and G.W. Billings, 'The Development of Stable Ceramic Materials for the Containment of Molten Zirconium and Uranium Alloys,' Proc. TMS-Reactive Metals, San Antonio, TX, Feb. 15-19, 1998
- G.W. Billings, 'Refractory Crucibles and Molds for Containing Reactive Molten Metals and Salts,' U.S. Patent 6604941, 2003
Cited by
- Development of a Ceramic-Lined Crucible for the Separation of Salt from Uranium vol.40, pp.12, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9957-3
- Investigation of the evaporation of rare earth chlorides in a LiCl–KCl molten salt vol.287, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0807-y
- Development of Treatment Process for Anode Residue from Molten Salt Electrorefining of Spent Metallic Fast Reactor Fuel vol.181, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.13182/NT13-A15807
- Development of continuous ingot casting process for uranium dendrites in pyroprocess vol.295, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2093-3
- Effects of compression molding on meltability of uranium dendrites for ingot consolidation in a pyroprocess vol.300, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3012-6
- Stability of plasma-sprayed TiN and ZrN coatings on graphite for application to uranium-melting crucibles for pyroprocessing vol.310, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4947-6
- Evaluation of nanocrystalline hafnium nitride coating exposed to molten uranium pp.1743-2944, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2017.1371457
- Composition and Pressure Estimation on Salt Distillation Process after Electrorefining for Spent Nuclear Fuel vol.807-809, pp.1662-8985, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.807-809.1277
- Uranium recovery with zinc distillation from a liquid zinc cathode for pyroprocessing vol.316, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-5789-1