YAKHAK HOEJI (약학회지)

The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea (대한약학회)
권호 표지

Distribution of Abused Drugs in 275 Alcohol-positive Blood Samples of Korean Driver

음주운전자 275명 혈액 중 마약류 및 남용약물의 분석

  • Choi, Hye-Young (Narcotics Analysis Division, National Institute of Scientific Investigation) ;
  • Lee, Ju-Seon (Narcotics Analysis Division, National Institute of Scientific Investigation) ;
  • Choi, Sang-Kil (Narcotics Analysis Division, National Institute of Scientific Investigation) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Mi (Narcotics Analysis Division, National Institute of Scientific Investigation) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Kyun (Chemical Analysis Division, National Institute of Scientific Investigation) ;
  • Kim, Young-Woon (Chemical Analysis Division, National Institute of Scientific Investigation) ;
  • Lim, Mi-Ae (Narcotics Analysis Division, National Institute of Scientific Investigation) ;
  • Chung, Hee-Sun (Narcotics Analysis Division, National Institute of Scientific Investigation)
  • 최혜영 (국립과학수사연구소 마약분석과) ;
  • 이주선 (국립과학수사연구소 마약분석과) ;
  • 최상길 (국립과학수사연구소 마약분석과) ;
  • 김은미 (국립과학수사연구소 마약분석과) ;
  • 김재균 (국립과학수사연구소 화학분석과) ;
  • 김영운 (국립과학수사연구소 화학분석과) ;
  • 임미애 (국립과학수사연구소 마약분석과) ;
  • 정희선 (국립과학수사연구소 마약분석과)
  • Published : 2008.04.30
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Abstract

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

Keywords

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