Preparation of Chocolate Added with Yuza (Citrus junos Seib ex TANAKA) and Its Antioxidant Characteristics

유자 분말을 첨가한 초콜릿의 제조 및 항산화 특성

  • Yoo, Kyung-Mi (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Choong-Hwan (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hwang, In-Kyeong (Departmemt of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University)
  • Published : 2008.04.30

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of yuza chocolate,and to determine the optimum ratio of yuza powder for its preparation. Yuza peel and flesh powders were added to chocolate at weight percentages of 0, 3, and 6%, respectively. Color values (L-value, redness, and yellowness), total phenol content, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and sensory characteristics were then measured in the samples of yuza-containing chocolate. As the amount of yuza powder increased, total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and radical scavenging activity increased. Depending on the level of yuza powder, significant differences (p <0.05) were shown in aroma, taste, bitterness, and overall acceptability however, there were no significant differences in texture. In terms of sensory acceptability, the addition of 3% yuza peel powder to chocolate was optimal.

Keywords

References

  1. Byeon YR. 1998. Research trend of chocolate and cocoa. International symposium of chocolate and cacao. Seoul. pp 9-25
  2. Chu YH, Chan CL, Hsu HF. 2000. Flavonid content of several vegetables and their antioxidant mushrooms(Agricus bisporus). J Sci Food Agric 80(2): 561-566 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(200004)80:5<561::AID-JSFA574>3.0.CO;2-#
  3. Graaf J, Sauvage Nolting, PR, Dam, MV, Belsey, EM, Kastelein, JJP, Pritchard PH, Stalenhoef, AFH. 2002. Consumption of tall oil-derived phytosterols in a chocolate matrix significantly decrease plasma total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. British J Nutr 88(5): 479-488 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002690
  4. Gu L, Kelm MA, Hammerstone JF, Beecher G, Holden J, Haytowicz D, Gehbardt S, Prior RL. 2004. Concentrations of proanthocyanidins in common foods and estimations of normal consumption. J Am Clin Nutr 134(3): 613-617
  5. Kim H, Keeney PG. 1984. (-)-Epicatechin contents in fermented and unfermented cocoa beans. J Food Sci 49(4): 1090-1092 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb10400.x
  6. Lee JY, Seo JS, Bang BH, Jeong EJ, Kim KP. 2003. Preparation of chocolate added with Monascus barley Koji powder and quality characteristics. Korean J Food Nutr 16(2): 116-122
  7. Lee KW, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Lee CY. 2003. Cocoa has more phenolic phytochemicals and a higher antioxidant capacity than teas and red wine. J Agri Food Chem 51(25): 7292-7295 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0344385
  8. Miller KB, Stuart DA, Smith NL, Lee CY, Mchale NL, Flanagan JA, Ou B, Hurst WJ. 2006. Antioxidant activity and polyphenol and procyanidin contents of selected commercially available cocoa-containing and chocolate products in the United States. J Agri Food Chem 54(11): 4062-4068 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060290o
  9. Murphy KJ, Chronopoulos AK. 2003. Dietary flavonols and procyanidin oligomers from cocoa(Theobroma cacao) inhibit platelet function. Am J Clin Nutr 77(6): 1466-1471 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.6.1466
  10. Rein D, Paglieroni TG, Wun T, Pearson DA, Schmits HH, Gosselin R, Keen C. 2000. Cocoa inhibits platelet activation and function. Am J Clin Nutr 72(1): 30-35 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.1.30
  11. Rios LY, Gonthier MP, Remesy C, Mila I, Lapierre C, Lazarus SA, Williamson G, Scalbert A. 2003. Chocolate intake increases urinary excretion of polyphenol-derived phenolic acids in healthy human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 77(4): 912-918 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.4.912
  12. Robinson T, Ranalli AW, Phillips AW. 1961. Changes in cocoa tannins during processing. J Agri Food Chem 9(1): 295-298 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60116a016
  13. Steinburg FM, Bearden MM, Keen CL. 2003. Cocoa and chocolate flavonoids: implication for cardiovascular health. J Am Diet Assoc 103(7): 2125-2232
  14. USDA. USDA National Nutrient Database for The Flavonodis Contents of Selected Foods, Release Table Lists. Available from: http://www.nal.usda.gov/finic/foodcomp/Data/Flav/flav.pdf. Aceessed December 28, 2006
  15. Yoo KM, Seo WY, Seo HS, Kim WS, Park JB, Hwang IK. 2004a. Physicochemical characteristics and storage stabilities of sauces with added yuza(Citrus Junos) juice. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 20(4): 403-408
  16. Yoo KM, Lee KW, Park JB, Lee HJ, Hwang IK. 2004b. Variation in major a antioxidants and total antioxiant activity of yuzu(Citrus junos Seib ex Tanaka) during maturation and between cultivars. J Agri Food Chem 52(19): 5907-5913 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0498158
  17. Yoo KM, Lee KW, Moon BK, Hwang IK. 2005. Antioxidant characteristics and preparation of chocolate added with Sochungryong-Tang(Oriental medicinal plants extract). Korean J Food Cookery Sci 5(4): 585-590