Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
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Effect of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Temperature on Yield and Fruit Characteristics of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

이산화탄소 및 온도 상승이 토마토 수량 및 과실특성에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, In-Bog (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kang, Seok-Beom (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Jin-Myeon (National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 이인복 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 강석범 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 박진면 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과)
  • Published : 2008.12.31
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Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the level of $CO_2$ (370 and $650{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$) and temperature (ambient and ambient+$5^{\circ}C$) on tomato growth and fruit characteristics as affected by the application rate of N-fertilizer (68 and $204\;N\;kg\;ha^{-1}$), for the purpose of evaluating the influence of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on tomato crop. The elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ and temperature increased the plant height and stem diameter for tomato crop, while the differences among the nitrogen(N) application rates were not significantly different. Under the elevated $CO_2$, temperature, and a higher N application rate, the biomass of aerial part increased. The fruit yield showed the same result as the biomass except for the elevated temperature. The elevated temperature made the size of fruit move toward the small, but the elevated $CO_2$ and the application of N-fertilizer were vice versa. The sugar content and pH of fruit juice were affected by nitrogen application rate, but not by the elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. These results showed that both the elevated $CO_2$ and temperature stimulated the vegetative growth of aerial parts for tomato, but each effects on the yield of fruit showed an opposite result between the elevated temperature and $CO_2$. In conclusion, the elevated $CO_2$ increased tomato yield and the ratio of large size of fruit, but the elevated temperature did not. Therefore, to secure the productivity of tomato as nowadays in future environment, it will need to develop new breeder as high temperature-tolerable tomato species or new type of cropping systems.

이산화탄소 상승에 따른 지구온난화 환경이 토마토의 생육반응에 미치는 효과를 검토하기 위하여 대기 중 이산화탄소농도(370과 $650{\mu}mol\;mol^{-1}$)와 온도수준(대기온도와 대기온도+$5^{\circ}C$)을 달리하면서 질소 처리수준(68과 $204\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$)별 토마토의 생육,수량 및 과실크기 분포 등을 조사하였다. 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도와 온도 증가는 토마토의 초장과 경경을 증가시켰으나, 질소처리에 따른 초장과 경경 변화는 뚜렷한 경향이 없었다. 토마토의 지상부 중량은 상승 이산화탄소와 상승 온도 조건하에서, 그리고 높은 농도의 질소처리로 증가하였다. 토마토의 과실 수량은 높은 질소농도 조건하에서 그리고 상승 이산화탄소 환경 하에서 증가하였으나, 상승온도 환경 하에서는 감소하였다. 토마토 과실의 크기분포는 대기온도 증가로 인해 소형과의 비율이 증가하고 대형과는 감소하였으며, 이산화탄소 증가로 인해 소형과는 감소하고 초대형과는 증가한 반면, 질소처리는 대형과와 초대형과의 비율을 크게 하였다. 과실의 당도와 산도는 상승 이산화탄소와 상승 온도 처리로 현저한 차이가 없었으나, 질소처리 농도증가로 인해 당도는 증가하고 과실즙액의 pH는 감소하였다. 결과적으로 온도 상승은 과실 수량과 과실 크기를 감소시키나, 상승 이산화탄소는 과실 수량과 과실의 크기를 증대시키므로 온난화 환경 하에서 안정적인 토마토 생산을 위해서는 고온 적응성 품종을 육성하거나 새로운 재배기술 개발이 필요함을 의미한다.

Keywords

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