ALGAE

The Korean Society of Phycology (한국조류학회(藻類))
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Life History and Systematic Studies of Pseudothrix borealis gen. et sp. nov. (=North Pacific Capsosiphon groenlandicus, Ulotrichaceae, Chlorophyta)

  • Hanic, Louis A. (Department of Botany, #3529-6270 University Blvd., University of British Columbia) ;
  • Lindstrom, Sandra C. (Department of Botany, #3529-6270 University Blvd., University of British Columbia)
  • Published : 2008.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We cultured a tubular marine green alga, originally identified as Capsosiphon groenlandicus (J. Agardh) K.L. Vinogradova, from Amaknak Island, Alaska. The alga had an alternation of heteromorphic generations in which tubular monoecious fronds produced quadriflagellate zoospores and/or biflagellate isogametes. The gametes fused to produce cysts or Codiolum-like zygotes with long, tortuous stalks. Cysts and codiola produced 8-16 aplanospores, which germinated in situ to yield upright fronds. Fronds arising from both aplanospores and zoospores displayed a distinctive development in which non-septate colorless rhizoids from the base of the initially uniseriate, Ulothrix-like filament were transformed into septate uniseriate Ulothrix-like photosynthetic filaments. These transformed filaments then developed new basal non-septate rhizoids. This pattern of rhizoids becoming filaments, which then produced new rhizoids, was repeated to yield a tuft of up to 50 fronds. Periclinal and longitudinal divisions occurred in each filament, starting basally, until the mature tubular thallus was achieved. Pyrenoid ultrastructure revealed several short inward extensions of chloroplast lamellae, each of which was surrounded by pyrenoglobuli. Analysis of ribosomal SSU and ITS sequences placed this alga in the family Ulotrichaceae, order Ulotrichales, together with but as a distinct species from North Atlantic Capsosiphon groenlandicus. Analysis of a partial ITS sequence from authentic Capsosiphon fulvescens, the current name of the type of the genus Capsosiphon, indicated that neither our material nor C. groenlandicus belongs in that genus, and we propose a new genus, Pseudothrix, to accommodate both species. We propose P. borealis for the North Pacific entity formerly called C. groenlandicus and make the new combination P. groenlandica for the Atlantic species.

Keywords

References

  1. Agardh J.G. 1883. Till algernes systematik, Nya bidrag. VI Ulvaceae. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. 19: 1-177
  2. Ascaso C., Valladares F. and Rios A. de los. 1995. New ultrastructural aspects of pyrenoids of the lichen photobiont Trebouxia (Microthamniales, Chlorophyta). J. Phycol. 31: 114-9 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00114.x
  3. Berger-Perrot Y. 1981. Creation du genre Ulotrichella nov. gen. (Chlorophycees, Ulotrichales). Rev. Gen. Bot. 88: 83-6
  4. Bhattacharya D., Friedl T. and Damberger S. 1996. Nuclearencoded rDNA group I introns: origin and phylogenetic relationships of insertion site lineages in the green algae. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 978-89 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025666
  5. Bliding C. 1963. A critical survey of European tax in Ulvales. Part I. Capsosiphon, Percursaria, Blidingia, Enteromorpha. Opera Botanica 8: 1-160
  6. Bliding C. 1968. A critical survey of European taxa in Ulvales II. Ulva, Ulvaria, Monostroma, Kornmannia. Bot. Notiser 121: 535-629
  7. Broady P.A. and Ingerfeld M. 1993. Three new species and a new record chaetophoracean (Chlorophyta) algae from terrestrial habitats in Antarctica. Eur. J. Phycol. 28: 25-31 https://doi.org/10.1080/09670269300650041
  8. Chihara M. 1967. Developmental morphology and systematics of Capsosiphon fulvescens as found in Izu, Japan. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 10: 163-70
  9. Collins F.S. 1909. The green algae of North America. Tufts College Studies, Ser Sci. 2: 79-480, 18 pls
  10. Fan K.C. 1959. Studies on the life histories of marine algae I. Codiolum petrocelidis and Spongomorpha coalita. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 86: 1-12 https://doi.org/10.2307/2482655
  11. Friedl T. 1996. Evolution of the polyphyletic genus Pleurastrum (Chlorophyta): inferences from nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA sequences and motile cell ultrastructure. Phycologia 35: 456-69 https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-35-5-456.1
  12. Friedl T. and O'Kelly C.J. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of green algae assigned to the genus Planophila (Chlorophyta): evidence from 18S rDNA sequence data and ultrastructure. Eur. J. Phycol. 37: 373-84 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967026202003712
  13. Gabrielson P.W., Widdowson T.B., Lindstrom S.C., Hawkes M.W. and Scagel R.F. 2000. Keys to the Benthic Marine Algae and Seagrasses of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska, Washington and Oregon. University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, Vancouver, Phycological Contribution No. 5, iv + 189 pp
  14. Garbary D.J. and Tam C. 1989. Blidingia minima var. stolonifera var. nov. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from British Columbia: systematics, life history and morphogenesis. Nord. J. Bot. 9: 321-8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1989.tb01006.x
  15. Garbary D.J., Golden L. and Scagel R.F. 1982. Capsosiphon fulvescens (Capsosiphonacae, Chlorophyta) rediscovered in the northeastern Pacific. Syesis 15: 39-42
  16. Golden L. and Garbary D. 1984. Studies on Monostroma (Monostromataceae, Chlorophyta) in British Columbia with emphasis on spore release. Jpn. J. Phycol. 32: 319-332
  17. Hanic L.A. 2005. Taxonomy, gamete morphology and mating types of Urospora (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) in North America. Phycologia 44: 183-93 https://doi.org/10.2216/0031-8884(2005)44[183:TGMAMT]2.0.CO;2
  18. Hayden H.S. and Waaland J.R. 2002. Phylogenetic systematics in the Ulvaceae (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) using chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences. J. Phycol. 38: 1200-12 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01167.x
  19. Hayden H.S., Blomster J., Maggs C.A., Silva P.C., Stanhope M.J. and Waaland J.R. 2003. Linnaeus was right all along: Ulva and Enteromorpha are not distinct genera. Eur. J. Phycol. 38: 277-94 https://doi.org/10.1080/1364253031000136321
  20. Hollenberg G.J. 1958. Observations concerning the life cycle of Spongomorpha coalita (Ruprecht) Collins. Madrono 14: 249-51
  21. Hori T. 1973. Comparative studies of pyrenoid ultrastructure in algae of the Monostroma complex. J. Phycol. 9: 190-9
  22. Ikeda T. and Takeda H. 1995. Species-specific differences of pyrenoids in Chlorella (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol. 31: 813-8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00813.x
  23. Klochkova N.G. 1998. An annotated bibliography of marine macroalgae of northwest coast of the Bering Sea and the southeast Kamchatka: the first revision of the flora. Algae 13: 375-418
  24. Kornmann P. 1961. Uber Spongomorpha lanosa und ihre Sporophytenformen. Helgolander Wiss. Meeres. 7: 195-205 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01880276
  25. Kornmann P. 1962. Eine revision der Gattung Acrosiphonia. Helgolander Wiss. Meeres. 8: 219-42 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609438
  26. Kornmann P. 1964a. Der Lebenszyklus von Acrosiphonia arcta. Helgolander Wiss. Meeres. 11: 110-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01611134
  27. Kornmann P. 1964b. Zur Biologie von Spongomorpha aeruginosa (Linnaeus) van den Hoek. Helgolander Wiss. Meeres. 11: 200-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01612372
  28. Kornmann P. 1964c. Uber Monostroma bullosum (Roth) Thuret und M. oxyspermum (Kütz.) Doty. Helgolander Wiss. Meeres. 11: 13-21 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01609976
  29. Kornmann P. 1965 Was ist Acrosiphonia arcta? Helgolander Wiss. Meeres. 12: 41-51
  30. Kornmann P. and Sahling P.-H. 1962. Zur Taxonomie und Entwicklung der Monostroma-Arten von Helgoland. Helgolander Wiss. Meeres. 8: 302-20 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01610190
  31. Kornmann P. and Sahling P.-H. 1978. Meeresalgen von Helgoland. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland. Hamburg, 289 pp
  32. Lindstrom S.C. and Fredericq S. 2003. rbcL gene sequences reveal relationships among north-east Pacific species of Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) and a new species, P. aestivalis. Phycol. Res. 51: 211-24 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2003.tb00189.x
  33. Lindstrom S.C. and Hanic L.A. 2005. The phylogeny of North American Urospora (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) based on sequence analysis of nuclear ribosomal genes, introns and spacers. Phycologia 44: 194-201 https://doi.org/10.2216/0031-8884(2005)44[194:TPONAU]2.0.CO;2
  34. Lindstrom S.C., Hanic L.A. and Golden L. 2006. Studies of the green alga Percursaria dawsonii Hollenberg & I.A. Abbott (=Blidingia dawsonii comb. nov., Kornmanniaceae, Ulvales) in British Columbia. Phycol. Res. 54: 40-56 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2006.00407.x
  35. Lokhorst G.M. 1978. Taxonomic studies on the marine and brackish - water species of Ulothrix (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyceae) in western Europe. Blumea 24: 191-299
  36. Lokhorst G.M. and Star W. 1980. Pyrenoid ultrastructure in Ulothrix (Chlorophyceae). Acta Bot. Neerl. 29: 1-16 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1980.tb01184.x
  37. Lokhorst G.M. and Trask B.J. 1981. Taxonomic studies on Urospora (Acrosiphoniales, Chlorophyceae) in western Europe. Acta Bot. Neerl. 30: 353-431 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1981.tb01265.x
  38. Lokhorst G.M. and Vroman M. 1974. Taxonomic studies on the genus Ulothrix (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyceae) III. Acta Bot. Neerl. 23: 561-602 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1974.tb00971.x
  39. Migita S. 1967. Life cycle of Capsosiphon fulvescens (C. Agardh) Setchell and Gardner. Bull. Fac. Fish. Nagasaki Univ. No. 22: 21-31
  40. Nagai M. 1940. Marine algae of the Kurile Islands. I. J. Fac. Agr., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Sapporo 46: 1-137 + 3 pl
  41. Nakayama T., Watanabe S. and Inouye I. 1996. Phylogeny of wall-less green flagellates inferred from 18S rDNA sequence data. Phycol. Res. 44: 151-61 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.1996.tb00044.x
  42. O'Kelly C.J., Bellows W.K. and Wysor B. 2004a. Phylogenetic position of Bolbocoleon (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta): evidence from reproduction, zoospore and gamete ultrastructure, and small subunit rRNA gene sequences. J. Phycol. 40: 209-22 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.03104.x
  43. O'Kelly C.J., Wysor B. and Bellows W.K. 2004b. Collinsiella (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) and other ulotrichalean taxa with shell-boring sporophytes form a monophyletic clade. Phycologia 43: 41-9 https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-1-41.1
  44. O'Kelly C.J., Wysor B. and Bellows W.K. 2004c. Gene sequence diversity and phylogenetic position of algae assigned to the genera Phaeophila and Ochlochaete (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta). J. Phycol. 40: 789-99 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2004.03204.x
  45. Oppen M.J.H van. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships among some Ulotrichalean (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) algae, as inferred from rDNA ITS and partial 18S sequences. In: Oppen M.J.H van (ed.), Tracking Trails by Cracking Codes. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Groningen. pp. 59-76
  46. Posada D. and Crandall K.A. 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817-8 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
  47. Saunders D.A. 1901. The algae of the expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 155-211
  48. Selivanova O.N. and Zhigadlova G.G. 1997. Marine algae of the Commander Islands. Preliminary remarks on the revision of the flora. I. Chlorophyta. Bot. Mar. 40: 1-8 https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.1
  49. Setchell W.A. and Gardner N.L. 1903. Algae of northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 1: 165-419
  50. Setchell W.A. and Gardner N.L. 1920. Phycological contributions I. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 297-324
  51. Sinova E.S. 1940. Marine algae of the Commander Islands. Sci. Papers Pac. Comm. 5: 165-243 (in Russian)
  52. Sussmann A.V. and DeWreede R.E. 2007. Relative contribution of vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction in the maintenance of Acrosiphonia (Chlorophyta) populations. Phycologia 46: 79-85 https://doi.org/10.2216/06-33.1
  53. Swofford D.L. 2002. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods), Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA
  54. Tatewaki M. 1969. Culture studies on the life history of some species of the genus Monostroma. Sci. Pap. Inst. Algol. Res., Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ. 6: 1-56 + 18 pls
  55. Tatewaki M. 1972. Life history and systematics in Monostroma. In: Abbott I.A. and Kurogi M. (eds), Contributions to the Systematics of Benthic Marine Algae of the North Pacific. Japanese Society of Phycology, Kobe. pp. 1-16
  56. Vinogradova K.L. 1968. On the systematic status of Enteromorpha groenlandica (J. Ag.) Setch. et Gardn. Nov. Sist. Nizsh. Rast. [Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR] 1968: 39-41 (in Russian)
  57. Vinogradova K.L. 1969. A contribution to the taxonomy of the order Ulvales (Chlorophyta). Bot. Zhur. 54: 1347-55 (in Russian)
  58. Vinogradova K.L. 1974. Ulvoid algae (Chlorophyta) from seas of the USSR, Leningrad Science, 112 pp. (in Russian)
  59. Vinogradova K.L. 1979. Determination of seaweeds of the far eastern seas of the USSR. Green seaweeds. Leningrad Science, 147 pp. (in Russian)
  60. Watanabe S., Himizu A., Lewis L.A., Floyd G.L. and Fuerst P.A. 2000. Pseudoneochloris marina (Chlorophyta), a new coccoid ulvophycean alga, and its phylogenetic position inferred from morphological and molecular data. J. Phycol. 36: 596-604 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99123.x
  61. Watanabe S., Kuroda N. and Maiwa F. 2001. Phylogenetic status of Helicodictyon planctonicum and Desmochloris halophila gen. et comb. nov. and the definition of the class Ulvophyceae (Chlorophyta). Phycologia 40: 421-34 https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-40-5-421.1
  62. White T.J., Bruns T., Lee S. and Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis M., Gelfand J. Sminsky J. and White T. (eds), PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, California. pp. 315-322
  63. Yendo K. 1909. Notes on algae new to Japan. I. Bot. Mag. 23: 117-33 https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.23.270_117
  64. Yoshida K 1970. Studies on germling development and life history in Ulvaceae and Monostromaceae. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 17: 403-28 https://doi.org/10.5134/175614
  65. Yoshida T. 1998. Marine Algae of Japan. Uchida-Rokakuho, Tokyo, 1222 pp. (in Japanese)

Cited by

  1. Reconstructing the Phylogeny ofCapsosiphon fulvescens(Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) from Korea Based onrbcL and 18S rDNA Sequences vol.2016, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1462916