DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Watermarking Algorithm of 3D Mesh Model Using Spherical Parameterization

구면 파라미터기법을 이용한 3차원 메쉬 모델의 워더마킹 알고리즘

  • 최기철 (상명대학교 디지털저작권보호연구센터) ;
  • 김종원 (상명대학교 디지털저작권보호연구센터) ;
  • 최종욱 ((주)마크애니)
  • Published : 2008.02.29

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a blind watermarking algorithm of 3d mesh model using spherical parameterization. Spherical parameterization is a useful method which is applicable to 3D data processing. Especially, orthogonal coordinate can not analyse the feature of the vertex coordination of the 3D mesh model, but this is possible to analyse and process. In this paper, the centroid center of the 3D model was set to the origin of the spherical coordinate, the orthogonal coordinate system was transformed to the spherical coordinate system, and then the spherical parameterization was applied. The watermark was embedded via addition/modification of the vertex after the feature analysis of the geometrical information and topological information. This algorithm is robust against to the typical geometrical attacks such as translation, scaling and rotation. It is also robust to the mesh reordering, file format change, mesh simplification, and smoothing. In this case, the this algorithm can extract the watermark information about $90{\sim}98%$ from the attacked model. This means it can be applicable to the game, virtual reality and rapid prototyping fields.

본 논문에서는 구면 파라미터기법을 이용한 3차원 메쉬 모델의 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 구면 파라미터기법은 3차원 데이터 처리에서 광범위하게 응용되는 기법으로서 직교좌표계에서 판단이 불가능한 3차원 메쉬 모델의 꼭지점 좌표의 특성을 구면 파라미터기법을 적용한 후 효과적으로 분석하고 처리할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 메쉬 모델의 질량중심을 구면좌표의 원점으로 설정하여 직교좌표계에서 구면좌표계로 변환한 후 구면 파라미터기법을 적용하였다. 3차원 모델의 기하학적 정보와 위상정보의 특성을 구면 모델에서 분석하였으며 꼭지점의 추가와 위상정보의 수정을 통하여 워터마크를 삽입하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 이동, 스케일링, 회전 등 전형적인 기하학적인 변환에 강인하며 메쉬 순서정렬, 파일 포맷 변환에서도 강인성을 유지하였고 메쉬 세분화에서는 워터마크 정보가 $90{\sim}98%$ 가량 유지됨을 확인하였으며 특히 평활화 공격에서 좋은 성능을 보여주었다.

Keywords

References

  1. J.Cox,J Kihan, T. Leighton, and T. Shamoon, "Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol. 6. no. 12, pp. 1673-1687, Dec. 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/83.650120
  2. W. Zhu, Z. Xiong, and Y.-Q. Zhang, "Multiresolution watermarking for image and video", IEEE Trans on Circuits and System for Video Technology, Vol 9, no 4, pp. 545-550, June 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/76.767121
  3. R. Ohbuchi, H. Masuda, and M. Aono, Watermarking Three Dimensional Polygonal Models, Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia '97, Seattle, Washington, USA, November 1997, pp. 261-272
  4. Chang min Chou, and Din Chang Tseng. "Technologies for 3D Model Watermarking: A Survey", International Journal of computer Science and Network Security, Vol.7 No.2. February 2007
  5. O. Benedens, "Two High Capacity Methods for Embedding Public Watermarks into 3D Polygonal Models" Proceedings of the Multimedia and Security-Workshop at ACM Multimedia 99, Orlando. Florida, 1999. pp 95-99
  6. O. Benedens, Watermarking of 3D Polygon Based Models with Robustness against Mesh Simplification. Proceedings of SPIE: Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, 1999, Vol. 3657, pp. 329-340
  7. S. Toub, A. Healy, "Efficient Mesh Licensing", Computer Science 276r, Havard University, May 2001
  8. E. Praun, H. Hoppe and A. Finkelstein, "Robust Mesh Watermarking", SIGGRAPH Proceeding, 1999, 69-76
  9. Cui Jizhe, Jong-Weon Kim, Jong-Uk Choi, "A Semi-fragile Watermarking Algorithm of 3D Mesh Model for Rapid Prototyping System Application", Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology, 2007
  10. Gotsman C, Gu X, Sheffer A. Fundamentals of spherical parameterization for 3D meshs. Siggraph2003, pp. 358-363
  11. Han-Bing Yan, Shi-Min Hu, "Convex Combination Spherical Parameterizatio n Using Spherical Coordinates", 中國科技論文在 線, http://www.paper.edu.cn
  12. http://meshlab.sourceforge.net/
  13. Jong-hee Park, Tai-yun Kim, Korea university, "Subdivision by Edge Selection based on Curvature", Korea Information Science Journal, (1999.8), 863-874
  14. Zorin, D. Subdivision Surfaces, Korea Information Science Journal, Chapter 3, (1998)
  15. 박현, 이성현, 문영식, 한양대학교 컴퓨터공학과, "영상 특성을 이용한 3D-DCT기반의 적응적인 비디오 워터마킹", 정보보호학회논문지, 2006. 4
  16. 김구영, 김현태, 이재진, 원치선, 동국대학교 전자공학과, "공간 마스킹을 이용한 적응적 디지털 워터마크," 정보보호학회논문지, 1999.09
  17. 大渕 竜太郎 , 高橋 成雄, 宮澤 貴彦, 向山 明夫 , "スペクトル分解を用いた3次元メッシュへの 電子透かしの埋め込み" (日本)情報処理学会研究 報告
  18. S. Kanai, H. Date, and T. Kishinami, Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multi-resolution Wavelet Decomposition, Proc. of the Sixth IFID WG 5.2 International Workshop on Geometric Modeling: Fundamentals and Applications(GEO-6), pp. 296-307, Tokyo, japan, December 1998