Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제21권11호
  • /
  • Pages.1659-1664
  • /
  • 2008
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Xylanase on Growth and Gut Development of Broiler Chickens Given a Wheat-based Diet

  • Yang, Y. (School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England) ;
  • Iji, P.A. (School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England) ;
  • Kocher, A. (Alltech Biotechnology P/L 68-70 Nissan Drive) ;
  • Mikkelsen, L.L. (School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England) ;
  • Choct, M. (Australian Poultry Science CRC, PO Box U242, University of New England)
  • 투고 : 2008.01.30
  • 심사 : 2008.04.16
  • 발행 : 2008.11.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

To study the working mechanisms for non-starch polysaccharidases to improve the growth performance of broiler chickens, a 21-day feeding trial was conducted. Two dietary treatments were included: 1) wheat diet (the control); 2) wheat+xylanase diet (xylanase, Allzyme PT, Alltech, Kentucky, USA). There were 8 replicates with 8 birds each for each treatment and the experimental diets were given to birds from hatch. Feed intake and body weight were measured on days 7 and 21. At the same ages, samples were taken for the determination of selected groups of luminal and mucosa-associated bacteria, mucosal morphology, brush-border membrane (BBM) bound enzyme activity and ileal nutrient digestibility. The xylanase supplement increased (p<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) at the end of the experiment but protein and starch digestibilities were not affected (p>0.05) by xylanase. Up to day 7, xylanase increased the counts of C. perfringens in the ileum and total anaerobic bacteria (TAB) in the caeca (p<0.05, p=0.07, respectively). By day 21, the counts of ileal lactobacilli (p<0.05) and TAB (p=0.07) were lower in birds given the xylanase-supplemented diet than in those on the control diet. No significant differences were observed in the counts of mucosa-associated lactobacilli and coliforms between xylanase treatment and the control at both ages. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected (p>0.05) by the supplement but crypt depth at the same site was reduced at day 7. Also, xylanase tended to increase the concentration of BBM protein (p = 0.09) and the specific activity of sucrase (p = 0.07) at day 21.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Annison, G. and M. Choct. 1991. Anti-nutritive activities of cereal non-starch polysaccharides in broiler diets and strategies minimizing their effects. World's Poult. Sci. J. 47:232-242. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19910019
  2. AOAC. 1994. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA
  3. Apajalahti, J. H. A., A. Kettune and H. Graham. 2004. Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities, with special reference to the chicken. World's Poult. Sci. J. 60:223-232. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS20040017
  4. Bedford, M. R. 2001. The role of carbohydrases in feedstuff digestion. In: Poultry Feedstuffs: supply, composition, and nutritive value (Ed. J. McNab and K. N. Boorman) CAB international, Edinburgh, UK. pp. 319-336.
  5. Bedford, M. R. and H. L. Classen. 1992. Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosanase concentrations is effected through changes in the carbohydrate composition of the intestinal aqueous phase and results in improved rates and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicks. J. Nutr. 122:137-142. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/122.1.137
  6. Chiang, C.-C., Y. B. Wu and P. W. S. Chiou. 2005. Effects of xylanase supplementation to wheat-based diet on the performance and nutrient availability of broiler chickens. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1141-1146. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1141
  7. Choct, M., G. Annison and R. P. Trimble. 1992. Soluble wheat pentosans exhibit different anti-nutritive activities in intact and caecectomized broiler chickens. J. Nutr. 122:2457-2465. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/122.12.2457
  8. Choct, M., R. J. Hughes and M. R. Bedford. 1999. Effects of a xylanase on individual bird variation, starch digestion throughout the intestine, and ileal and caecal volatile fatty acid production in chickens fed wheat. Br. Poult. Sci. 40:419-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669987548
  9. Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, J. Wang, M. R. Bedford, A. J. Morgan and G. Annison. 1996. Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 37:609-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669608417891
  10. Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, R. P. Trimble, K. Angkanapron and G. Annison. 1995. Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy. J. Nutr. 125:485-492.
  11. Dahlqvist, A. 1964. Method for assay of intestinal disaccharidases. Anal. Biochem. 7:18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(64)90115-0
  12. Danicke, S., W. Vahjen, O. Simon and H. Jeroch. 1999. Effects of dietary fat type and xylanase supplementation to rye-based broiler diets on selected bacterial groups adhering to the intestinal epithelium, on transit time of feed, and on nutrient digestibility. Poult. Sci. 78:1292-1299. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.9.1292
  13. Engberg, R. M., M. S. Hedemann, S. Steenfeldt and B. B. Jensen. 2004. Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract. Poult. Sci. 83:925-983. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.6.925
  14. Forstner, G. G., S. M. Sabesin and K. J. Isselbacher. 1968. Rat intestinal microvillus membranes: purification and biochemical characterization. Biochem. J. 106:381-390. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1060381
  15. Gaskins, H. R. 2005. Host and intestinal microbiota negotiations in the context of animal growth efficiency (Online) www.feedinfo.com. Accessed in 2006
  16. Geyra, A., Z. Uni and D. Sklan. 2001. Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the posthatch chick. Poult. Sci. 80:776-782. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.6.776
  17. Holdeman, L. V., E. P. Cato and E. C. Moore. 1977. Anaerobic laboratory manual, Virginia Polytechnique Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.
  18. Holdsworth, E. S. 1970. The effect of vitamin D on enzyme activities in the mucosal cells of the chick small intestine. J. Membr. Biol. 3:43-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01868005
  19. Hubener, K., W. Vahjen and O. Simon. 2002. Bacterial responses to different dietary cereal types and xylanase supplementation in the intestine of broiler chicken. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 56:167-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420214191
  20. Iji, P. A. 1998. Natural development and dietary regulation of body and intestinal growth in broiler chickens. PhD Thesis, Adelaide, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
  21. Iji, P. A., R. J. Hughes, M. Choct and D. R. Tivey. 2001. Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on wheat-based diets supplemented with a microbial enzyme. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:54-60 https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.54
  22. Li, W.-F., J. Feng, Z.-R. Xu and C.-M. Yang. 2004. Effects of non-starch polysaccharides enzymes on pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzyme activities in piglet fed diets containing high amounts of barley. World J. Gastroenterol. 10:856-859. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v10.i6.856
  23. Qiao, S., Y. Wu, C. Lai, L. Gong, W. Lu and D. Li. 2005. Properties of aspergillar xylanase and the effects of xylanase supplementation in wheat-based diets on growth performance and the blood biochemical values in broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:66-74. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.66
  24. Ravindran, V. 2006. Broiler nutrition in New Zealand - Challenges and Strategies (Online) www.feedinfo.com. Accessed in 2006.
  25. Selle, P. H., K. H. Huang and W. I. Muir. 2003. Effects of nutrient specifications and xylanase plus phytase supplementation of wheat-based diets on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:1501-1508. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1501
  26. Sharma, R., F. Fernandezb, M. Hintonb and U. Schumachera. 1997. The influence of diet on the mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 53:935-942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050114
  27. Shirazi-Beechey, S. P., B. A. Hirayama, Y. Wang, D. Scott, M. W. Smith and E. M. Wright. 1991. Ontogenic development of lamb intestinal sodium-glucose co-transporter is regulated by diet. J. Physiol. 437:691-698. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018619
  28. Sileikiene, V., G. Diebold, M. Tafaj and R. Mosenthin. 2006. Effects of supplementation of xylanase, phospholipase or combination of both to a wheat based diet on digestive function in early-weaned piglets. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 15:47-55.
  29. Silva, S. S. and R. R. Smithard. 1996. Exogenous enzymes in broiler diets:crypt cell proliferation, digesta viscosity, short chain fatty acids and xylanase in the jejunum. Br. Poult. Sci. 37:S77-S79.
  30. Sklan, D. and Y. Noy. 2000. Hydrolysis and absorption in the small intestines of posthatch chicks. Poult. Sci. 79:1306-1310. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.9.1306
  31. Steenfeldt, S., M. Hammershoj, A. Mullertz and F. J. Jensen. 1998. Enzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets for broilers 2. Effect on apparent metabolisable energy and nutrient digestibility. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 75:45-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00188-6
  32. Untawale, G. G., A. Pietraszek and J. Mcginnis. 1978. Effect of diet on adhesion and invasion of microflora in the intestinal mucosa of chicks. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med. 159:276-280.
  33. Vahjen, W., K. Glaser, K. Schafer and O. Simon. 1998. Influence of xylanase-supplemented feed on the development of selected bacterial groups in the intestinal tract of broiler chicks. J. Agric. Sci. 130:489-500. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859698005498
  34. Vahjen, W., T. Osswald, K. Schafer and O. Simon. 2007. Comparison of a xylanase and a complex of non starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes with regard to performance and bacterial metabolism in weaned piglets. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 61:90-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390701203881
  35. Willing, B. P. and A. G. Van Kessel. 2007. Enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis in the caudal small intestine is influenced by the composition of colonizing commensal bacteria in the neonatal gnotobiotic pig. J. Anim. Sci. 85:3256-3266. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0320
  36. Wu, Y. B., V. Ravindran, D. G. Thomas, M. J. Birtles and W. H. Hendriks. 2004a. Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus. Br. Poult. Sci. 45:76-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660410001668897
  37. Wu, Y. B., V. Ravindran, D. G. Thomas, M. J. Birtles and W. H. Hendriks. 2004b. Influence of method of whole wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 45:385-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660410001730888
  38. Zoetendal, E. G., C. T. Collier, S. Koike, R. I. Mackie and H. R. Gaskins. 2004. Molecular ecological analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiota: a review. J. Nutr. 134:465-472. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.2.465

피인용 문헌

  1. Small intestine development in chicks after hatch and in pigs around the time of weaning and its relation with nutrition: A review vol.62, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2012.676061
  2. Performance and morphometry of the intestinal mucosa of laying hens fed diets containing xylanase vol.16, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x1603241-248
  3. Performance and some intestinal functions of broilers fed diets with different inclusion levels of sunflower meal and supplemented or not with enzymes vol.17, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x170125-30
  4. (L.) Lam) in broiler diets pp.09312439, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12730
  5. Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry vol.10, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0310-9
  6. Effects of the Dietary Inclusion of Xylanase on the Performance and Jejunum Morphometry of Meat-Type Quails vol.21, pp.4, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0920
  7. Xylanase for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 days old vol.48, pp.None, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180252
  8. Effects of Dietary Fiber on Nutrients Utilization and Gut Health of Poultry: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities vol.11, pp.1, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010181
  9. Recombinant production of two xylanase-somatostatin fusion proteins retaining somatostatin immunogenicity and xylanase activity in Pichia pastoris vol.105, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11298-8
  10. Potential role of important nutraceuticals in poultry performance and health - A comprehensive review vol.137, pp.None, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.009