Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Encapsulation of Fullerenes in Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and their Characteristic Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy

단일벽 탄소나노튜브의 플러렌 캡슐화 및 라만분광 분석

  • Published : 2008.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be modified to produce a new concept of hybrid materials by introducing atoms or molecules inside their cylindrical empty space. Such an endohedral doping of the SWCNTs is expected to decisively alter their electronic transport and mechanical properties, In this study, we purified SWCNTs by three-step purification processes and formed the peapod structure by introducing $C_{60}$ fullerenes inside the SWCNTs. $C_{60}$ molecules were observed to be regularly arranged by transmission electron microscopy. In Raman spectra, the radial breathing mode (RBM) rather than the other modes was significantly affected by the endohedral injection of $C_{60}$. The RBM intensity was more greatly reduced in the large-diameter SWCNTs than the small-diameter ones, Raman spectroscopy is expected to be a key technique for analyzing $C_{60}$-encapsulated SWCNTs.

Keywords

References

  1. P. M. Ajayan and S. Iijima, 'Capillarityinduced filling of carbon nanotubes', Nature, Vol. 361, p. 333, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1038/361333a0
  2. E. Dujardin, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Hiura, and K. Tanigaki, 'Capillarity and wetting of carbon nanotubes', Science, Vol. 265, p. 1850, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5180.1850
  3. B. W. Smith, M. Monthioux, and D. E. Luzzi, 'Encapsulated $C_{60}$ in carbon nanotubes', Nature, Vol. 396, p. 323, 1998
  4. D. E. Luzzi and B. W. Smith, 'Carbon cage structures in single wall carbon nanotubes: a new class of materials', Carbon, Vol. 38, p. 1751, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(00)00088-9
  5. B. W. Smith and D. E. Luzzi, 'Formation mechanism of fullerene peapods and coaxial tubes: a path to large scale synthesis', Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 321, p. 169, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00307-9
  6. M. Yudasaka, K. Ajima, K. Suenaga, T. Ichihashi, A. Hashimoto, and S. Iijima, 'Nano-extraction and nano-condensation for $C_{60}$ incorporation into single-wall carbon nanotubes in liquid phases', Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 380, p. 42, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.08.095
  7. F. Simon, H. Kuzmany, H. Rauf, T. Pichler, J. Bernardi, H. Peterlik, L. Korecz, F. Flp, and A. Jnossy, 'Low temperature fullerene encapsulation in single wall carbon nanotubes: synthesis of N@C60@SWCNT', Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 383, p. 362, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.11.039
  8. E. Hernndez, V. Meunier, B. W. Smith, R. Rurali, H. Terrones, M. B. Nardelli, M. Terrones, D. E. Luzzi, and J. -C. Charlier, 'Fullerene coalescence in nanopeapods: a path to novel tubular carbon', Nano Lett. 2003, Vol. 3, p. 1037, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl034283f
  9. M. Melle-Franco, H. Kuzmany, and F. Zerbetto, 'Mechanical Interactions in allcarbon peapods', J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, p. 6986, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp027658e
  10. J. Chen, A. M. Rao, S. Lyuksyutov, M. E. Itkis, M. A. Hamon, H. Hu, R. W. Cohn, P. C. Eklund, D. T. Colbert, R. E. Smalley, and R. C. Haddon, 'Dissolution of fulllength single-walled carbon nanotubes', J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 105, p. 2525, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp002596i
  11. A. G. Rinzler, J. Liu, H. Dai, P. Nikolaev, C. B. Huffman, F. J. Rodrguez-Macas, P. J. Boul, A. H. Lu, D. Heymann, D. T. Colbert, R. S. Lee, J. E. Fischer, A. M. Rao, P. C. Eklund, and R. E. Smalley, 'Large-scale purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes: process, product, and characterization', Appl. Phys. A, Vol. 67, p. 2937, 1998
  12. S. C. Tsang, Y. K. Chen, P. J. F. Harris, and M. L. H. Green, 'A simple chemical method of opening and filling carbon nanotubes', Nature, Vol. 372, p. 159, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1038/372159a0
  13. K. Hirahara, K. Suenaga, S. Bandow, H. Kato, T. Okazaki, H. Shinohara, and S. Iijima, 'One-dimensional metallofullerene crystal generated inside single-walled carbon nanotubes', Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 85, p. 5384, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5384
  14. H. Hu, B. Zhao, M. E. Itkis, and R. C. Haddon, 'Nitric acid purification of singlewalled carbon nanotubes', J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 107, p. 13838, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp035719i
  15. E. Dujardin, T. W. Ebbesen, A. Krishnan, and M. M. J. Treacy, 'Purification of single-shell nanotubes', Adv. Mater., Vol 10, p. 611, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199805)10:8<611::AID-ADMA611>3.0.CO;2-8
  16. J. Liu, A. G. Rinzler, H. Dai, J. H. Hafner, R. K. Bradley, P. J. Boul, A. Lu, T. Iverson, K. Shelimov, C. B. Huffman, F. Rodriguez-Macias, Y. -S. Shon, T. R. Lee, D. T. Colbert, and R. E. Smalley, 'Fullerene pipes', Science, Vol. 280, p. 1253, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5367.1253
  17. J. Chen, M. A. Hamon, H. Hu, Y. Chen, A. M. Rao, P. C. Eklund, and R. C. Haddon, 'Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes', Science, Vol. 282, p. 95, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5386.95
  18. Y. Lian, Y. Maeda, T. Wakahara, T. Akasaka, S. Kazaoui, N. Minami, T. Shimizu, N. Choi, and H. Tokumoto, 'Nondestructive and high-recovery-yield purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes by chemical functionalization', J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 108, p. 8848, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp049368z
  19. A. Jorio, M. A. Pimenta, A. G. Souza Filho, R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, 'Characterizing carbon nanotube samples with resonance raman scattering', New J. Phys., Vol. 5, p. 139.1, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/5/1/139
  20. S. Arepalli, P. Nikolaev, O. Gorelik, V. G. Hadjiev, W. Holmes, B. Files, and L. Yowell, 'Protocol for the characterization of single-wall carbon nanotube material quality', Carbon, Vol. 42, p. 1783, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.03.038
  21. S. Bandow, M. Takizawa, K. Hirahara, M. Yudasaka, and S. lijima, 'Raman scattering study of double-wall carbon nanotubes derived from the chains of fullerenes in single-wall carbon nantubes', Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 337, p. 48, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00192-0
  22. S. Bandow, T. Hiraoka, T. Yumura, K. Hirahara, H. Shinohara, and S. Iijima, 'Raman scattering study on fullerene derived intermediates formed within single-wall carbon nanotube: from peapod to doublewall carbon nanotube', Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 384, p. 320, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.032
  23. L. Henrard, E. Hernández, P. Bernier, and A. Rubio, 'Van der Waals interaction in nanotube bundles: consequences on vibrational modes', Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 60, p. R8521, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.60.R8521
  24. S. Bandow, M. Takizawa, H. Kato, T. Okazaki, H. Shinohara, and S. Iijima, 'Smallest limit of tube diameters for encasing of particular fullerenes determined by radial breathing mode Raman scattering', Chem. Phys. Lett., Vol. 347, p. 23, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01020-X