DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Isolation and Identification of Chlorella sp. CMS-1 and the Chemical Composition of Its Hot Water Extract

클로렐라 균주의 분리 동정 및 열수 추출물의 이화학적 조성

  • Published : 2008.12.30

Abstract

Chlorella sp. CMS-1 strain was isolated from the outdoors cultivation pools in Culmansa Co., Ltd. This strain was found to be a rounded type of 3 ${\mu}m$. Phylogenetic analysis by the 18S rRNA sequencing using isolated strain is most similar to Chlorella sp. IFRPD 1018 gene at the level of nucleotide sequence identity at 99%. Accordingly, the isolated Chlorella strain was named as Chlorella sp. CMS-1 based on its morphological and phylogenetic properties. The concentrations of crude protein and fat were 59% and 0.01%, respectively. Major compositional amino acids (mg%) were glutamic acid 6.21, alanine 5.76, aspartic acid 5.44%, glycine 4.29%, and threonine 3.09% and major free amino acids (mg%) were ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 7.13%, L-alanine 1.44%, L-glutamic acid 0.90, L-leucine 0.26% and L-glycine 0.20%. The concentrations of major minerals were P 2.25%, K 2.25%, Na 1.09%, Mg 0.63%, and Ca 0.28%.

클로렐라의 생리활성 물질을 활용하여 기능성 식품을 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 클로렐라 배양장에서 생육이 빠른 클로렐라를 분리하여 동정하고 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 분리된 클로렐라는 전형적인 둥근 모양과 $3{\mu}m$ 크기로 주름진 형태를 취하고 있었다. 분리된 클로렐라의 동정을 위하여 18S rRNA sequences를 실시한 결과 Chlorella sp. IFRPD 1018와 99%의 높은 상동성을 보여 Chlorella sp.와 거의 일치하여 Chlorella sp. CMS-1로 명명하였다. 클로렐라 열수 추출물에 조단백질 함량이 59.21%로 많이 함유되어 있었고, 조지방 함량은 0.01%로 미량 함유되어 있었다. 클로렐라 CMS-1의 무기질 농도는 K 2.52%, P 2.25%, Mg 0.63%, Ca 0.63% 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 클로렐라 CMS-1의 주요 구성 아미노산은 glutamic acid 6.21%, alanine 5.76%, aspartic acid 5.44% 순이였으며, 특히 유리아미노산 중 ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)의 함량은 7.13%로 전체 유리아미노산의 63.8% 비율로 차지하였고 그 다음으로 L-alanine 1.44%, L-glutamic acid 0.90%, L-leucine 0.26%, L-glycine 0.20% 순으로 함유되어 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Atsushi, M. 1999. What is Chlorella. Food Ind. 9, 122-138.
  2. Borowitzka, M. A. 1988. Vitamins and fine chemicals from micro-algae, pp. 153, In Borowitzka, M. A. and L. J. Borowitzka (eds.), Micro-algal Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press, New York,
  3. Cherng, J. Y. and M. F. Shih. 2005. Preventing dyslipidemia by Chlorella pyrenoidosa in rats and hamsters after chronic high fat diet treatment. Life Sci. 76, 3001-3013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.055
  4. Cherng, J. Y. and M. S. Shih. 2006. Improving glycogenesis in Streptozocin (STZ) diabetic mice after administration of green algae Chlorella. Life Sci. 78, 1181-1186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.06.050
  5. Guzman, S., A. Gato, M. Lamela, M. Freire-Garabal and J. M. Calleja. 2003. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharide from Chlorella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Phytother. Res. 17, 665-670. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1227
  6. Hasegawa, T., T. Matsuguchi, K. Noda, K. Tanaka, S. Kumamoto, Y. Shoyama and Y. Yoshikai. 2002. Toll-like receptor 2 is at least partly involved in the antitumor activity of glycoprotein from Chlorella vulgaris. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2, 579-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00002-4
  7. Hasegawa, T., Y. Kimura, K. Hiromatsu, N. Kobayashi, A. Yamada, M. Makino, M. Okuda, T. Sano, K. Nomoto and Y. Yoshikai. 1997. Effects of hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris on cytokine expression patterns in mice with murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Immunopharmacology 35, 273- 282. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0162-3109(96)00150-6
  8. Hidaka, S., Y. Okamoto and M. A. Arita. 2004. Hot water extract of Chlorella pyrenoidosa reduces body weight and serum lipids in ovariectomized rats. Phytother. Res. 18, 164-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1178
  9. Kay, P. A. 1991. Microalgae as food and supplement. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 30, 555-573. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399109527556
  10. Lee, H. S., C. Y. Choi, C. Cho and Y. Song. 2003. Attenuating effect of Chlorella supplementation on oxidative stress and NFkappaB activation in peritoneal macrophages and liver of C57BL/6 mice fed on an atherogenic diet. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67, 2083-2090. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.67.2083
  11. Lee, J. S. 1966. Electron microscopic studies on the ultrastructure of pyrenoid and cell wall in Chlorella cells. Kor. J. Microbiol. 4, 1-13.
  12. Merchant, R. E., C. A. Andre and D. A. Sica. 2002. Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for mild to moderate hypertension. J. Med. Food 5, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1089/10966200260398170
  13. Morris, H. J., A. Almarales, O. Carrillo and R. C. Bermudez. 2008. Utilisation of Chlorella vulgaris cell biomass for the production of enzymatic protein hydrolysates. Bioresour Technol. [Epub ahead of print]
  14. Nagao, T., Y. Watanabe, T. Honma, Y. Suketa and T. Yamamoto. 1978. Absorption and excretion of cadmium by the rat administered cadmium-containing Chlorella. Eisei Kagaku 24, 7182-7186.
  15. Okudo, M., T. Hasegawa, M. Sonoda, T. Okabe and M. Tanaka. 1975. The effects of Chlorella on the level of cholesterol in serum and liver. Jap. J. Nutr. 33, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.33.3
  16. Queiroz, M. L., C. Bincoletto, M. C. Valadares, D. C. Dantas and L. M. Santos. 2002. Effects of Chlorella vulgaris extract on cytokines production in Listeria monocytogenes infected mice, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 24, 483-496. https://doi.org/10.1081/IPH-120014731
  17. Rodriguez-Lopez, M. and C. Lopez-Quijada. 1971. Plasma glucose and plasma insulin in normal and alloxanized rats treated with Chlorella. Life Sci. 10, 557-608.
  18. Schubert, L. E. 1988. The use of Spirulina (Cyanophycaea) and Chlorella (Chlorophyceae) as food resource for animals and humans. pp. 237, In Round F. E. and D. J. Chapman (eds.), Progressing Physiological Research, Biopress Ltd.
  19. Shibata, S., Y. Natori, T. Nishihara, K. Tomisaka, K. Matsumoto, H. Sansawa and V. C. Nguyen. 2003. Antioxidant and anti-cataract effects of Chlorella on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 49, 334-339. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.49.334
  20. Shibata, S., K. Oda, N. Onodera-Masuoka, S. Matsubara, H. Kikuchi-Hayakawa, F. Ishikawa, A. Iwabuchi and H. Sansawa. 2001. Hypocholesterolemic effect of indigestible fraction of Chlorella vulgaris in cholesterol-fed rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 47, 373-377. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.47.373
  21. Shim, J. Y., H. S. Shin, J. G. Han, H. S. Park, B. L. Lim, K. W. Chung and A. S. Om. 2008. Protective effects of Chlorella vulgaris on liver toxicity in cadmium-administered rats. J. Med. Food 11, 479-485. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2007.0075
  22. Tanaka, K., A. Yamada, K. Nada, Y. Shoyama, C. Kubo and K. Nomoto. 1997. Oral administration of a unicellular green algae, Chlorella vulgaris, prevents stress-induced ulcer. Plant Med. 63, 465-466. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957736

Cited by

  1. Effect of Chlorella vulgaris CHK0008 Fertilization on Enhancement of Storage and Freshness in Organic Strawberry and Leaf Vegetables vol.32, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.14107