References
- D.-S. Seo, K. Muroi, and S. Kobayashi, 'Generation of pretilt angle in nematic liquid crystal, 5CB, media aligned polyimide films prepared by spincoating and LB techniques : effects of rubbing', Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 213, p. 223, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259208028733
- D.-S. Seo, T. Oh-ide, and S. Kobayashi, 'Observation of the surface structure on as stacked and rubbed polyimide (PI)-LB films with an atomic force microscope and their anchoring capability for nematic liquid crystals', Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 214, p. 97, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259208037284
- D.-S. Seo and S. Kobayashion, 'Study of the pretilt angle for 5CB on rubbed polyimide films containing trifluoromethyl moiety and analysis of the surface atomic concentration of F/C(%) with an electron spectroscope for chemical analysis', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 61, p. 2392, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.108174
- B. O. Myrvold and K. Kondo, 'A population distribution model for the alignment of nematic liquid crystals', Liq. Cryst., Vol. 17, p. 437, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1080/02678299408036582
- D.-S. Seo, K. Araya, N. Yoshida, M. Nishikawa, Y. Yabe, and S. Kobayashi, 'Effect of the polymertilt angle for generation of pretilt angle in nematic liquid crystal on rubbed polyimide surfaces', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 34, p. L503, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.34.L503
- R. Arafune, K. Sakamoto, S. Ushioda, S. Tanioka, and S. Murata, 'Importance of rubbing-induced inclination of polyimide backbone structures for determination of the pretilt angle of liquid crystals', Phys. Rev. E., Vol. 58, p. 5914, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.58.5914
- D.-S. Seo, S. Kobayashi, D.-Y. Kang, and H. Yokoyama, 'Effects of rubbing and temperature dependence of polar anchoring strength of homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystal on polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett orientation films', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 34, p. 3607, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.34.3607
- H. Matsuda, D.-S. Seo, N. Yoshida, K. Fujibayashi, and S. Kobayashi, 'Estimation of the static electricity and optical retardation produced by the rubbing polyimide and polyamide films with different fabrics', Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 264, p. 23, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1080/10587259508037298
- P. Chaudharl, J. Lacey, J. Doyle, E. Galligan, S. C. Alan, A. Callegarl, G. Hougham, N. D. Lang, P. S. Andry, R. John, K. H. Yang, M. Lu, C. Cal, J. Speidell, S. Purushothaman, J. Ritsko, M. Samnt, J. Stohrt, Y. Nakagawa, Y. Katoh, Y. Saitoh, K. Saka, H. Satoh, S. Odahara, H. Nakano, J. Nskshski, and Y. Shiota, 'Atomic-beam alignment of inorganic materials for liquid-crystal displays', Nature, Vol. 411, p. 56, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1038/35075021
- J.-Y. Kim, B.-Y. Oh, B.-Y. Kim, Y.-H. Kim, J.-M. Han, and D.-S. Seo, 'Compositional investigation of liquid crystal alignment on tantalum oxide viaion beam irradiation', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, p.043505, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2838312
- D.-H. Kang, S.-H. Kim, B.-Y. Kim J.-Y. Kim, C.-H. Ok, Y.-H. Kim, J.-W. Han, J.-H. Kim, J.-Y. Hwang, B.-Y. Oh, J.-M. Han, S.-K. Lee, J,-W. Lee, B.-M. Moon, J.-H. Kim, and D.-S. Seo, 'Liquid crystal alignment effects for nematic liquid crystal on homeotropic polyimide surface using new ion-beam source', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 46, p. 6601, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.46.6601
- B.-Y. Oh, K.-M. Lee, B.-Y. Kim, Y.-H. Kim, J.-W. Han, J.-M. Han, S.-K. Lee, and D.-S. Seo, 'Surface reformation and electro-optical characteristics of liquid crystal alignment layers using ion beam irradiation', J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 104, p. 064502, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2978364
- C.-H. Ok, D.-H. Kang, K.-M. Lee, J.-W. Han, B.-Y. Kim, B.-Y. Oh, Y.-H. Kim, J.- Y. Hwang, S.-K. Lee, J.-M. Han, and D.-S. Seo, 'LC aligning capabilities of a nematic liquid crystal on homeotropic polyimide surface by new ion-beam irradiation', Trans. EEM, Vol. 8, No. 6, p. 265, 2007 https://doi.org/10.4313/TEEM.2007.8.6.265
- S.-K. Lee, D.-S. Choi, and D.-S. Seo, 'Tilt angle generation in NLC on homeotropic polymer surface with ion beam irradiation as a function of incident angle', Trans. EEM, Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 120, 2008 https://doi.org/10.4313/TEEM.2008.9.3.120
- D.-S. Seo and J.-M. Han, 'Generation of pretilt angle in NLC and EO characteristics of photoaligned TN-LCD with oblique non-polarized UV light irradiation on polyamide surface', Liquid Crystals, Vol. 26, p. 959, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1080/026782999204309
- D.-S. Seo, L. Y. Hwang, and S. Kobayashi, 'Investigation of pretilt angle generation in nematic liquid crystal with slanted non-polarized UV light irradiation on polyamide surfaces', Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 23, p. 923, 1997