Manufacturing of Goami Flakes by using Extrusion Process

압출성형공정을 이용한 고아미 후레이크 제조

  • Tie, Jin (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Eui-Suk (Division of Food and Culinary Science, Howon University) ;
  • Hong, Soon-Teak (Division of Food and Culinary Science, Howon University) ;
  • Ryu, Gi-Hyung (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University)
  • 김철 (공주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이의석 (호원대학교 공과대학 식품조리학부) ;
  • 홍순택 (호원대학교 공과대학 식품조리학부) ;
  • 류기형 (공주대학교 식품공학과)
  • Published : 2007.04.30

Abstract

Resistant starch (RS) content, paste viscosity, water solubility and absorption index, bulk density, color, compression force, and bowl life of Goami flakes manufactured by extrusion process were determined to evaluate Goami (high fiber rice) as a food material. Various extrusion process conditions included barrel temperature (90, 110, $130^{\circ}C$) and moisture content (50, 55%). RS content in the extruded pellet and defatted flake ranged from $8.00{\sim}8.56%$ and $6.57{\sim}9.53%$ respectively. RS content increased as moisture increased from 50% to 55%. Peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, and setback viscosity of the extruded pellet and defatted flake decreased with steeping for 1 hr, and the breakdown viscosity significantly increased. The water solubility and absorption index increased in the flake compared to Goami and extruded pellet. The water solubility index of the extruded pellet was lower than that of Goami, while its water absorption index was higher than Goami. The bulk density of the flake ranged from $0.35{\sim}0.44$ g/mL. The bowl life of the flake was $12.4{\sim}19.4$ min, which was longer than commercial breakfast cereals on the market.

고식이섬유 쌀인 고아미 2호의 식품소재로서의 활용을 모색하고자 압출성형공정으로 고아미 후레이크를 제조한 다음 후레이크의 효소저항전분(RS) 함량, 페이스트 점도, 수분용해지수와 수분흡착지수, 체적밀도, 색도, 압착강도, 조직감 유지시간 등 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 압출성형 공정조건은 배럴온도 90, 110, $130^{\circ}C$ 그리고, 수분함량 50, 55%이었다. 압출성형 펠릿과 탈지한 후레이크의 RS함량은 각각 $8.00{\sim}8.56%$, $6.57{\sim}9.53%$ 범위로 수분함량이 50%에서 55%로 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 압출성형 펠릿과 탈지한 후레이크의 최고점도, 최저점도, 최종점도, 회복점도는 1시간 수침한 고아미에 비해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 구조파괴점도는 현저히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 탈지한 후레이크의 수분용해지수와 수분흡착지수가 고아미 원료와 압출성형 펠릿보다 크게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 압출성형 펠릿의 수분용해지수는 고아미 원료에 비해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 수분흡착지수는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 후레이크의 체적밀도는 $0.35{\sim}0.44$ g/mL 범위로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았고 조직감 유지시간은 $12.4{\sim}19.4$분 범위로 시판 breakfast cereal들 보다 긴 유지시간을 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee JH, Seo HS, Kim SH, Lee JR, Hwang IK. Soaking properties and quality characteristics of Korean white gruel with different blending time of high-dietary fiber rice Goami 2. Korean J. Food Cook. Sci. 21: 927-935 (2005)
  2. Kang HJ. Varietal differences in physicochemical properties and ultrastructure of rice and their relationship with gelatinization and retrogradation characteristics. PhD thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (2004)
  3. Lee C, Shin JS. The effect of dietary fiber content of rice on the postprandial serum glucose response in normal subject. Korean J. Food Nutr. 15: 173-177 (2002)
  4. Midden TM. Twin screw extrusion of corn flakes. Cereal Food World 34: 941-943 (1989)
  5. Rokey GJ. RTE breakfast cereal flake extrusion. Cereal Food World 40: 422-426 (1995)
  6. Choi HD, Seog HM, Choi IW, Park MW, Ryu GH. Preparation of extrusion cooking using barley broken kernels. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36: 276-282 (2004)
  7. Korea Food and Drug Administration. Food Code. Korea Food Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. pp. 582-585 (2002)
  8. RVA manual. RVA-3 series operation manual using DOS thermocline software. Newport Scientific, Sydney, Australia (1995)
  9. AACC. Approved Method of the AACC. 10th ed. Method 56-20. American Association of Cereal Chemists. St. Paul, MN, USA (1983)
  10. Lee YR, Choi YH, Koh HJ, Kang MY. Quality characteristics of brown rice flakes prepared giant embryonic rice and normal rice cultivars. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 33: 540-544 (2001)
  11. Park CK, Maeng YS. Quality characteristics of commercial breakfast cereals. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 24: 289-293 (1992)
  12. Shin MS, Mun SH, Bae CH. Effects of processing parameters of twin screw extruder and dry methods on the resistant starch formation from normal maize starch. Korean J. Human Ecol. 6: 49-56 (2003)
  13. Kim JY, Lee CH. Formation of enzyme resistant starch by extrusion cooking of high amylose corn starch. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 30: 1128-1133 (1998)
  14. Grant LA. Effect of starch isolation, drying and grinding techniques on its gelatinization and retrogradation properties. Cereal Chem. 75: 590-594 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.5.590
  15. Chun A, Song J, Hong HC, Son JR. Improvement of cooking properties by milling and blending in rice cultivar Goami 2. Korean J. Crop Sci. 50: 88-93 (2005)