International Journal of Automotive Technology

The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers (한국자동차공학회)
권호 표지

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GAS-TO-LIQUID (GTL) AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL USED IN A DIRECT INJECTION COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

  • Wu, T. (School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) ;
  • Huang, Z. (School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) ;
  • Zhang, W.G. (School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) ;
  • Fang, J.H. (School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
  • Published : 2007.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper investigates the combustion and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with neat and blended Shell's gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel, which was derived from natural gas through the Fischer-Tropsch process. The experiments were conducted in a 6-cylinder DI diesel engine with pump timing settings of $6^{\circ},\;9^{\circ}\;and\;12^{\circ}$crank angle before TDC over ECE R49 and US 13-mode cycles separately and compared to a conventional diesel fuel. The results show that GTL exhibited almost the same power and torque output, improved fuel economy and effective thermal efficiency. It was found that GTL displayed lower peak in-cylinder combustion pressure and maximum heat release rate (HRR), the timings of the peak pressure and the maximum HRR were generally delayed, and the combustion durations were almost equivalent for diesel and GTL under the same speed-load condition. The results also indicate that, compared to diesel fuel, GTL blends showed a trend forward decreasing four regulated emissions simultaneously and a higher GTL fraction in blends contributing to further reductions in the emissions. In particular and on average, neat GTL significantly reduced HC, CO, NOx and PM by 16.4%, 17.8%, 18.3% and 32.4%, respectively, for all cases.

Keywords

References

  1. Alleman, T. L. and McCormick, R. L. (2003). Fischer- Tropsch diesel fuels-properties and exhaust emissions: A literature review. SAE Paper No. 2003-01-0763
  2. Anton, C. V. (2001). Fischer-Tropsch: a futuristic view. Fuel Processing Technology, 71, 149-155 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00143-6
  3. Boehman, A. L., Morris, D., Szybist, J. and Esen, E. (2004). The Impact of bulk modulus of diesel fuels on fuel injection timing. Energy & Fuels 18, 6, 1877-1882 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef049880j
  4. Christopher, M. A., Gregory, J. T., Michael, L. T. and Nigel, N. C. (1999). In-cylinder combustion pressure characteristics of Fischer-Tropsch and conventional diesel fuels in a heavy duty CI engine. SAE Paper No. 1999-01-1472
  5. Clark, R. H., Louis, J. J. J. and Stradling, R. J. (2005). Shell gas to liquids in the context of future engines and future fuels. 5th Int. Colloquium on 'Fuels' Tech. Akad. Esslingen, Ostfildern, Germany
  6. Jeong, D.-S., Lee, Y. and Kim, K.-S. (2005). GTL trial as an alternative diesel. 7th China and Korea Int. Conf. Internal Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering, Hangzhou, China
  7. Heywood, J. B. (1988). Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. McGraw-Hill. New York
  8. Hock, C. H. and Suhaili, I. (2004). The future of gas to liquids as a gas monetisation option. J. Natural Gas Chemistry 13, 2, 63-70
  9. Koji, K., Ichiro, S. and Richard, C. (2005). Effects of GTL fuel properties on DI diesel combustion. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-3763
  10. Leo, L. S., Emilio, S. A., Herbert, H. D., Jr., Luis, A. V. and John, B. H. (2000). Alternative fuels: gas to liquids as potential 21UsUt century truck fuels. SAE Paper No. 2000-01-3422
  11. Nigel, C., Mridul, G., Donald, L. Chris, A., Xie, W. W., Paul, N., Keith, V., Stephen, G. and James, E. (1999). On-road use of Fischer-Tropsch diesel blends. SAE Paper No. 1999-01-2251
  12. Nylund, N., Aakko, P., Mikkonen, S., Mikkonen, S. and Niemi, A. (1997). Effect of physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel on NOx emissions of heavyduty diesel engines. SAE Paper No. 972997
  13. Paul, W. S., Ian, S. M., Jacobus, J. B., Piet, N. R., Cart, L. V., Luis, P. D. and Michael, E. S. (1997). Diesel exhaust emissions using sasol slurry phase distillate process fuels. SAE Paper No. 972898
  14. Szybist, J. P., Kirby, S. R. and Boehman, A. L. (2005). NOx emissions of alternative diesel fuels: A comparative analysis of biodiesel and FT diesel. Energy & Fuel 19, 4, 1484-1492 https://doi.org/10.1021/ef049702q
  15. Thomas, E. K., Timothy, P. G. and Scott, S. L. (2001). Overall results: Phase I Ad Hoc diesel fuel test program. SAE Paper No. 2001-01-0151