DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study of Evaluating VR Learning Styles on User Attention and Memory

가상현실 교육설계방식에 따른 학습자 주의와 학습 기억에 관한 연구

  • 박경신 (단국대학교 멀티미디어공학) ;
  • 구자영 (동부CNI 미래기술연구소)
  • Published : 2007.04.30

Abstract

This paper presents a study investigating the effects of VR learning style on user attention and memory. The study involved users performed the guided or unguided style learning in the virtual environment while user attention was measured through physiological sensors (EEG, ECG, and GSR) and an eye tracking system. The users experienced the five specific events in a virtual environment associated with different stimuli, while they were given more specific goals during the guided task whereas they were given more goal asking them to actively search for the interesting items during the unguided task. The subject's attentions workload, feelings, memories about VR experience were measured by using a variety of physiological sensors during the task, video analysis, and post test survey. The results showed that the unguided task followed by the guided task made a considerable learning effect by giving a preview effect to the user. Moreover, the guided task drew more user attention and mental workload than the unguided task did.

가상환경에서 학습 방식에 따른 학습 효과를 학습자의 주의와 기억량 분석을 중심으로 연구하였다. 교안유도 방식(Guided learning)과 고안 비유도 방식(Unguided learning)의 학습이 주어진 상태에서 뇌파, 심전도, 피부저항과 시선추적 생체신호장비를 사용하여 학습자 주의측정을 하였고, 학습자의 학습태도, 느낌, 기억량 등을 실험시 비디오와 실험 후 설문분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과는 교안유도 방식이 학습자의 주의를 교안으로 끄는 데는 효율적이어서 많은 교안내용을 기억하게 했으나, 교안비유도 방식에 비해 상대적으로 학습자가 느끼는 체감 흥미는 떨어진 것으로 나타났다. 그와는 대조적으로 교안비유도 방식에서 학습자들은 교안과 교안외 내용을 모두 비교적 광범위하게 기억하고 있었고, 능동적이며 자율적인 학습을 하였다. 또한 교안비유도 후 교안유도 방식의 학슬을 했을 경우 그 반대의 경우보다 훨씬 더 학습호과가 좋았다. 이는 교안비유도 방식이 사전 예비학습 효과를 주었기 때문으로 해석된다. 실험결과를 통해 본 논문에서는 교안비유도 방식을 먼저 학습한 후에 교안유도방식으로 학습을 진행하는 것이 학습자의 학습 효과와 체감흥미에서 더욱 효율적임을 제시하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. F. Mantovani, 'VR Learning: Potential and Challenges for the Use of 3D Environments in Education and Trainings', CyberPshchology, 2003
  2. Andrew Johnson, Thomas Moher, Stellan Ohlsson, and Mark Gillingham, 'The Round Earth Project Collaborative VR for Conceptual Learning', IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 0272 1716/99, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/38.799741
  3. Jang Han Lee, 'Virtual Reality and Psychology' Korean Jounal of Psychology, vol 23, No. 2, 2004
  4. B. H. Cho et al., 'Attention Enhancement System using Virtual Reality and EEG Biofeedback', Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality , 2002 https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2002.996518
  5. H. Yee, S. Pattanaik and D. P. Greenberg, 'Spatiotemporal Sensitivity and Visual Attention for Efficient Rendering of Dynamic Environments', ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 20, Pages 3965. No. 1, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1145/383745.383748
  6. K. M. Spencer and J. Polich, 'Poststimulus EEG spectral analysis and P300: Attention, task, and probability', Psychophysiology, 35, 220-232, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0048577299971615
  7. S. I. Hjelm, C. Browall, 'Brainball using brain activity for cool competition', Media lab Europe
  8. G. Schwarz. 'Specific Problems in Interpretation of Absolute Values of Spectral Edge Frequency (SEF) in comparison to Bispectral Index (BIS) for Assessing Depth of Anesthesia', The Internet Journal of Neuromonitoring ISSN: 1531-300X
  9. C. K. Tripathi, C. Mukundan, T. L. Mathew, 'Attentional modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) during execution of PC based cognitive tasks', Ind J Aerospace Med 47(1), 2003
  10. D. Chen and R. Vertegaal, 'Using Mental Load for Managing Interruption.Physiologically Attentive User Interfaces', 2004 https://doi.org/10.1145/985921.986103
  11. J. A. Healey, 'Wearable and Automotive Systems for Affect Recognition from Physiology', PhD tehsis at the MIT, 2000
  12. A. T. Duchowski, 'A Breadth-First Survey of Eye Tracking Applications', Behavior Research Methods. Instruments, & Computers (BRMIC), 34(4), November, pp.455-470, 2002 https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195475
  13. S. T. Iqbal, X. S. Zheng and B. P. Bailey. 'Task Evoked Pupillary Response to Mental Workload in Human Computer Interaction', CHI 2004, April 2429, Vienna, Austria.ACM 1-58113-703 6/04/0004, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1145/985921.986094
  14. Yggdrasil Tutorial http://www.evl.uic.edu/yg/overview.html