대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
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발전주의와 신자유주의를 넘어: 한국 지리학의 발전과정과 대안적 전망

Beyond Developmentalism and Neoliberalism: Development Process and Alternative Visions for Korean Geography

  • 최병두 (대구대학교 지리교육과)
  • 발행 : 2007.06.30
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초록

이 논문은 한국의 사회공간적 전환을 배경으로 한국 지리학의 발전과정을 고찰하고, 대안적 전망을 간략히 제시하기 위한 것이다. 지리학을 포함하여 지식의 발전은 주어진 기간에서 사회적 기능과 구조의 규정력 하에서 형성되며, 이렇게 형성된 지식은 다시 사회의 발전에 힘을 제공한다. 한국에서 근대 지리학은 두 단계, 즉 발전주의와 신자유주의 기간으로 구분될 수 있는 한국사회의 자본주의 발전을 배경으로 발전해 왔다. 한국지리학은 발전주의와 신자유주의의 이데올로기의 영향 하에서 발전해 왔으며, 사회공간적 정책들에 기여를 했다. 발전주의 하에서 한국 지리학은 양적으로 팽창했으며, 단순 서술에서 체계적 설명의 틀을 갖추게 되었지만, 실증주의의 한계를 벗어나지 못했다. 신자유주의 하에서 한국 지리학은 질적으로 발전한 부분도 있지만, 사회공간적 정책들에 거의 영향을 미치지 못했고, 신자유주의적 정책으로 인해 유발된 문제들에 대한 비판과 대안을 제시하지도 못했다. 앞으로 한국지리학은 발전주의와 신자유주의를 넘어서야 하며, 사회공간적 복지, 시민사회 또는 공동체, 환경정의 등을 핵심주제로 다루어야할 것이라고 제안된다.

This paper is to consider the developmental process of Korean geography on the context of socio-spatial transformations of Korea, and then to suggest briefly its alternative visions. The development of knowledge including geography seems to be made under imperatives of social functions and structure in a given period, and knowledge in turn gives power for a further development of society. Modem geography in Korea has progressed on the context of capitalist development of Korean society which can be divided into two phases, that is, the period of developmentalism and that of neoliberalism. Korean geography has been developed under influence of ideologies of developmentalism and neoliberalism, and in turn has made some contributions to socio-spatial policies. Korean geography in the future, it can be suggested, should go beyond both developmentalism and neoliberalism, and put socio-spatial welfare, civil society or community, and environmental justice into its central issues.

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