J지역 치과위생사의 직무만족과 이직의 상관관계 분석

Analysis of the Correlation of Job Satisfaction to Turnover Among Dental Hygienists in the Region of J

본 연구는 치과위생사들의 이직요인을 찾아보고, 직무만족과 이직과의 상관관계 등을 살펴봄으로써 치과위생사들의 이직률 감소를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 2006년 7월 24일부터 9월 24일까지 전라북도의 구강진료기관에 근무하는 치과위생사를 180명을 대상으로 구조화된 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하였다. 분석방법으로는 SPSS 12.0을 이용하여 치과위생사의 이직 경험유무에 따른 치과위생사의 일반적 특성 및 이직 사유, 이직희망기관, 직무만족과 이직과의 상관관계 등을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이직경험은 연령별에서 24~26세의 36.2%, 미혼 83.0%, 경력별로는 1~3년 미만의 50.0%가 이직 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났으며(p < 0.001), 월 평균 소득별에서도 100~129만원의 50.0%가 이직경험이 있는 것으로 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.05). 2. 이직 사유는 근무환경이 28.1%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 발전가능성은 18.0%, 상사 및 동료와의 관계는 12.4%, 일에 대한 보상 체계는 4.5%로 나타났다. 3. 이직 희망 근무기관은 개인치과의원에 근무하고 있는 치과위생사의 66.2%가 보건(지)소로 이직을 희망하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 최종학력에서는 대학 졸업자의 64.3%가 보건(지)소로 이직을 희망하고 있는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.001). 4. 직무만족 요인 중 장래성요인이 이직에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 업무량요인, 급여요인, 동료관계요인 순으로 나타났고, 이러한 모든 요인들이 음(-)의 상관관계로 나타나 만족수준이 낮을수록 이직은 높아짐을 알 수 있었으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 직무만족요인들이 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 설명하는 $R^2=.254$로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to examine what induced dental hygienists to take up another employment and whether their job satisfaction had anything to do with it in an attempt to help curtail their turnover rate. The subjects in this study were approximately 200 dental hygienists who worked in dental institutions. A survey was conducted from July 24 through September 24, 2006, by using structured, self-administered questionnaires. For data analysis, SPSS 11.5 program was employed to see if their turnover experience was linked to their general characteristics, why they took up another employment, how long they wanted to do that and how their job satisfaction was related to that. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. In regard to turnover experience by age, marital status and career, those who had ever changed their employment accounted for 36.2 percent of the age group from 24 to 26, 83.0 percent of the unmarried ones and 50.0 percent of those whose career was less than one to three years (p < 0.001). By monthly mean income, 50.0 percent of the dental hygienists whose monthly mean income ranged from 1.0 to 1.29 million won had that experience(p < 0.05). The gap between these groups and the others was statistically significant. 2. As for the reason of turnover, working environments were cited most often(28.1%), followed by possibilities(18.0%), relationship with supervisors and colleagues(12.4%), and compensation(4.5%). 3. Concerning a preferred new workplace, 66.2 percent of the dental hygienists who worked in dentist's offices hoped to be newly hired by public dental clinics(p < 0.001). By education, 64.3 percent of the college-educated dental hygienists wanted to work at public dental clinics as well(p < 0.01). 4. The change of employment was under the greatest influence of the possibilities of workplace, followed by workload, pay and relationship with colleagues. All the factors had a negative impact on their turnover. Those who were less satisfied sought new employment more often, and job satisfaction made a statistically significant difference to that. The job satisfaction factors made a prediction of their turnover intention ($R^2=.254$).