참고문헌
- Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Sureveys. 1960 to 1991. JAMA. 272:205-211, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.272.3.205
- Wolf, A.M., Colditz, G.A. Social and economic effects of body weight in the United States. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63: 466S-469S, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/63.3.466
- Pi-Sunyer, F.X. Medical hazards of obesity. Ann Intern Med. 19(7 Pt 2):655-660, 1993
- Update: Prevalence of overweight among children, adolescents, and adults-United States. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 46: 199-202, 1997
- Sheard, N.F. Moderate changes in weight and physical activity can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in susceptible individuals. Nutr. Rev. 61: 76-79, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1301/nr.2003.febr.76-79
- Anne, W. Harmon, Joyce, B. Harp. Differentiatial effects of flavonoids on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and lipolysis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 280:C807-C813, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.4.C807
- Swen, W., Ying, W., Frank, T. Anti-obesity effects of green tea: from beside to bench. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 50: 176-187, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200500102
- Haji, Raraji, Haji, Takhani. The effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) on essential hypertension. 65:231-236, 1999
- Onyenekwe, P.C., Ajani, E.O., Ameh, D.A., Gamaniel, K.S. Antihypertensive effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx infusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats and a comparison of its toxicity with that in Wistar rats. Cell Biochem Funct. 17(3):199-206, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0844(199909)17:3<199::AID-CBF829>3.0.CO;2-2
- El-saadany, S.S., Sitohy, M. Z., Labib, S.M. Biochemical dynamics and hypo cholesterolemic action of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Karkade). Nahrung. 35:567-576, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/food.19910350603
- Hansawasdi, C., Kawabata, J., Kasai, T. Alpha-amylase inhibitors from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) tea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 64(5):1041-1043, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.1041
- Farombi, E.O., Fakoya, A. Free radical scavenging and antigenotoxic activities of natural phenolic compounds in dried flowers. Mol Nutr Food Res. 49(12):1120-1128, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200500084
- Hirunpanich, V., Utaipat, A., Morales, N.P,, Bunyapraphatsara, N., Sato, H., Herunsale, A., Suthisisang, C. Hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts from the dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L in hypercholesterolemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 103(2):252-260, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.033
- Cornelius, P., MacDounald, O.A,, Lane, M.D. Regulation of adipocyte development. Annu Rev Nutr. 14:99-129, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.14.070194.000531
- Regina, P.B., Kim, J.B., Erding, H., Soner, A., Bruce, M.S. Adipocyte differentiation: a transcriptional regulatory cascade. 8:826-832, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-0674(96)80084-6
- Lin, F.T., Lane, M.D. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha is sufficient to initiate the 3T3- L1 adipocyte differentiation program. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91(19):8757-8761, 1994
- Rosen, E.D., Hsu, C.H., Wang, X., Sakai, S., Freeman, M. W., Gonzalez, F.J., Spiegelman. C/EBPalpha induces adipogenesis through PPARgamma: a unified pathway. Genes Dev. 16(1):22-26, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.948702
- Smith, P.J., Wise, L.S., Berkowit, R.C., Rubin, C.S. Insuli-like growth factor-I is an essential regulatior of the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 263:9402-9408, 1988
- Cheatham, B., Kahn, C.R. Insulin action and the insulin signaling network. Endocr Rev. 16:117-142, 1995
- Czech, M.P. Fat targets for insulin signaling. Mol Cell. 9: 695-696, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00509-9
- Birkenmeier, E.H., Gwynn, B., Howard, S., Jerry, J., Gordon, J.I. Landschulz, W.H., McKnight, S.L. Tissue-specific expression, developmental regulation, and genetic mapping of the gene encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein. Genes Dev. 3(8):1146-1156, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.3.8.1146
- Johnson, P.F., Landschulz, W.H., Graves, B.J., McKnight, S.L. Identification of a rat liver nuclear protein that binds to the enhancer core element of three anival viruses. Gene Dev. 1:133-146, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1.2.133
- McKnight, S.L. Transcriptional regulation. cold spring Harbor Lab. Press, Plainview. 771-795. 1992
- Fiedman, J.M., Halaas, J.L. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. nature. 395:763-770, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1038/27376
- He, Y, Chen, H., Quon, M.J., Reitman, M. The mouse obese gene. Genomic organization, promoter activity, and activation by CCAAT /enhancer-binding protein alpha. J Biol Chem. 270:28887-28891, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.48.28887
- Bluher, M., Michael, M.D., Peroni, O.D., Ueki, K., Carter, N., Kahn, B.B., Kahn, C.R. Adipose tissue selective insulin receptor knockout protects against obesity and obesity-related glucose intolerance. Dev. Cell 3:25-38, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00199-5
- Bluher, M., Patti, M.E., Gesta, S., Kahn, B.B., Kahn, C.R. Intrinsic heterogeneity in adipose tissue of fat-specific insulin receptor knockout mice is associated with differences in patterns of gene expression, J. Biol. Chem. 2004