Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지

Changes of cytokine mRNA expression and IgG responses In rats Infected with Capillaria hepatica

  • Kim, Dong-Kwan (Department of parasitology and the Institute of Travel Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Joo, Kyoung-Hwan (Department of parasitology and the Institute of Travel Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chung, Myung-Sook (Department of parasitology and the Institute of Travel Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine)
  • Published : 2007.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The mRNA expression of several cytokines was evaluated in splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of rats infected with Capillaria hepatica by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR until week 12 after infection. IgG1 and IgG2a, which are associated with Th1 and Th2 response, respectively, were also assessed by ELISA. The results indicated that the majority of cytokines, including the Th1 (IL-2 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) were expressed at maximal levels during the early stage of infection (after week 1-2), and the ELISA data also evidenced a similar pattern of changes in IgG1 arid IgG2a. Th1 and Th2 cytokines responded in a similar fashion in this rat model. The expression of cytokines in splenocytes was significantly higher than that in MLN cells, thereby indicating that cytokine production is controlled more by spleen than by MLN. In addition, the observation that $IFN-{\gamma}$ expression increased unexpectedly at the time of maximal egg production (6 weeks after infection) indicated that $IFN-{\gamma}$ is a cytokine reacting against egg production. However, increased IL-5 expression occurring in tandem with worm activity indicated that the activity of C. hepatica might be controlled by IL-5 expression.

Keywords

References

  1. Carpon A (1992) Immunity to schistosomes. Curr Opin Immunol 4: 419-424 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(06)80033-6
  2. Cetre C, Cocude C, Pierrot C, Godin C, Capron A, Capron M, Khalife J (1998) In vivo expression of cytokine mRNA in rats infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Parasite Immunol 20: 135-142 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.1998.00135.x
  3. Choe G, Lee HS, Seo JK, Chai JY, Lee SH, Eom KS, Chi JG (1993) Hepatic capillariasis: first case report in the Republic of Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48: 610-625 https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1993.48.610
  4. Else KJ, Grencis RK (1991) Cellular immune responses to the murine nematode parasite Trichuris muris. I. differential cytokine production during acute or chronic infection. Immunology 72: 508-513
  5. Else KJ, Hultner L, Grencis RK (1992) Cellular immune responses to the murine nematode parasite Trichuris muris II. Differential induction of the Th cell subsets in resistant versus susceptible mice. Immunology 75: 232- 237
  6. Engvall E, Perlman P (1972) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA III. Quantitation of specific antibodies by enzyme-linked anti-immunoglogulin in antigen- coated tubes. J Immunol 109: 129-135
  7. Hoffmann KF, Wynn TA, Dunne DW (2002) Cytokine-mediated host responses during schistosome infections; waling the fine line between immunological control and immunopathology. Adv Parasitol 52: 265-307 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(02)52014-5
  8. Holland MJ, Harcus YM, Riches PL, Maizels RM (2000) Proteins secreted by the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis act as adjuvants for Th2 responses. Eur J Immunol 30: 1977-1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4141(200007)30:7<1977::AID-IMMU1977>3.0.CO;2-3
  9. Holland MJ, Harcus YM, Balic A, Maizels RM (2005) Th2 induction by Nippostrongylus secreted antigens in mice deficient in B cells, eosinophils or MHC Class I-related receptors. Immunol Lett 96: 93-101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2004.08.005
  10. Juncker-voss M, Prosl H, Lussy H, Enzenberg U, Auer H, Nowotny N (2000) Serological detection of Capillaria hepatica by indirect immunofluorescence assay. J Clin Microbiol 38: 431-433
  11. Kane C, Cervi L, Sun J, McKee A, Masek KS, Shapira S, Hunter CA, Pearce EJ (2004) Helminth antigens modulate TLR-initiated dendritic cell activation. J Immunol 173: 7454-7461 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7454
  12. Kim JJ, Lee JS, Rim HJ (1982) Experimental study on the circumoval precipitation (COP) reaction in the hepatic capillariasis. Korea Univ Med J 19: 81-90 (in Korean)
  13. Lammler G, Zahner H, Volleerthyn R, Rudolph R (1974) Egg production and host reaction in Capillaria hepatica infec- Kim et al.: Cytokine mRNA and IgG levels in C. hepatica-infected rats 101 tion of Mastomys natalensis. In Parasite zoonoses, Soulsby EJL (ed.). pp 327-341, Academic Press, New York-San Francisco-London
  14. Lee KY, Eom KS, Rim HJ (1985) Micro-ELISA test in Capillaria hepatica of white rat using soluble egg antigen. Korea Univ Med J 22: 33-41 (in Korean)
  15. Luttermoser GW (1938) An experimental study of Capillaria hepatica in the rat and the mouse. Am J Epidemiol 27: 321- 340 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118395
  16. MacDonald AS, Straw AD, Bauman B, Pearce EJ (2001) CD8- dendritic cell activation status plays an integral role in influencing Th2 response development. J Immunol 167: 1982-1988 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.1982
  17. Matsuda S, Uchikawa R, Yamada M, Arizono N (1995) Cytokine mRNA expression profiles in rats infected with the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Infect Immun 63: 4653-4560
  18. Maizels RM (2005) Infections and allergy - helminths, hygiene and host immune regulation. Curr Opin Immunol 17: 656-661 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.001
  19. Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M (2003) Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Immunol 3: 733-744 https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1183
  20. Maizels RM, Balic A, Gomez-Escobar N, Nair M, Taylor MD, Allen JE (2004) Helminth parasites-masters of regulation. Immunol Rev 201: 89-116 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x
  21. McConchie BW, Norris HH, Bundoc VG, Trivedi S, Boesen A, Urban JFJr, Keane-Myers AM (2006) Ascaris suumderived products suppjress mucosal allergic inflammation in an interleuki -10-independent manner via interference with dendritic cell function. Infect Immun 74: 6632-6641 https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00720-06
  22. Mosmann TR, Sad S (1996) The expanding universe of T cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol Today 17: 138-146 https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(96)80606-2
  23. Pearce EJ, Sher A (1991) Functional dichotomy in the CD4+ T cell response to Schistosoma mansoni. Exp Parasitol 73: 110-116 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(91)90014-N
  24. Pearce EJ, Caspar P, Grzych JM, Lewis FA, Sher A (1991) Down-regulation of Th1 cytokine production accompanies induction of Th2 responses by a parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni. J Exp Med 173: 159-166 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.173.1.159
  25. Pearce EJ, Kane CM, Sun J (2006) Regulation of dendritic cell function by pathogen-derived molecules plays a key role in dictating the outcome of the adaptive immune response. Chem Immunol Allergy 90: 82-90
  26. Philips JR, Brouwer W, Edwards M, Mahler S, Juhno J, Collins AM (1999) The effectiveness of different rat IgG subclasses as IgE-blocking antibodies in the rat basophil leukaemia cell model. Immunol Cell Biol 77: 121-126 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1711.1999.00801.x
  27. Pierrot C, Godin C, Liu JL, Capron A, Khalife J (1996) Schistosoma mansoni elastase: an immune target regulated during the parasite life-cycle. Parasitology 113: 519- 526 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182000067561
  28. Powell MR, Morgan J, Guarner J, Colley DG (1998) Cytokine mRNA levels in the hearts of inbred mice that develop different degrees of cardiomyopathy during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasite Immunol 20: 463-744 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.1998.00175.x
  29. Scott P, Pearce E, Cheever AW, Coffman RL, Sher A (1989) Role of cytokines and CD4+ T cell subsets in the regulation of parasitic immunity and disease. Immunol Rev 112: 161-182 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1989.tb00557.x
  30. Straw AD, MacDonale AS, Denkers EY, Pearce EJ (2003) CD154 plays a central role in regulating dendritic cell activation during infection that induce Th1 or Th2 responses. J Immunol 170: 727-734 https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.727
  31. Sugaya H, Aoki M, Abe T, Ishida K, Yoshimura K (1997) Cytokine responses in mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Parasitol Res 83: 10-15
  32. Wright KA (1961) Observation on the life cycle of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) with a description of the adult. Can J Zool 39: 167-182 https://doi.org/10.1139/z61-022