Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relationship Among Body Mass Index, Nutrient Intake and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Postmenopausal Women

  • Lee, Haeng-Shin (Department of Food Industry, Korea Health Industry Development Institute) ;
  • Lee, Da-Hong (Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University)
  • Published : 2007.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To elucidate the relationship among body mass index, nutrient intake and blood antioxidant capacity in the postmenopausal period, 60 women residing in Iksan area were recruited. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated base on height and weight, and food and nutrient intakes were estimated by 24-hour recalls of 3 non-consecutive days. Parameters of antioxidant capacity including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TA) were measured in fasting blood samples from the subjects. The average age, height, weight and BMI of the subjects were 65 years, 151.1cm, 59.5 kg and 26.0 m/kg$^2$, respectively. The macronutrient intake rate of carbohydrate : protein : fat were 65:17.5:17.5; the mean intakes of energy and protein were 1532.7 kcal (86.3% of RDA) and 67.1 g (122.0% of RDA) respectively. The mean intakes of phosphorus, vitamin A, niacin and vitamin C were higher than Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for Koreans. On the other hand, calcium and riboflavin intakes were only 84.6% and 70.4% of RDA. Among the parameters of antioxidant capacity, SOD activity was significantly lower in lean subjects (BMI<20) than in the normal or overweight subjects (BMI${\geq}$20) (p<0.05). TAs of the subjects with the highest intakes of vegetables and fruits were significantly higher than those of subjects with lower intakes (p<0.05). Antioxidant capacity was compared among subjects according to 3 different nutrient intake levels according percentage of RDA for Koreans for selected nutrients with the following results: The high protein and niacin groups exhibited significantly lower TA status than those of the other intake groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the low BMI was associated with lower SOD activity in postmenopausal women. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with higher TA. When protein and niacin intakes were excessive, SOD activity and TA tended to be low. SOD and TA, among antioxidant indexes, seemed to be mostly influenced by other factors. Therefore, more studies on the effects of nutritional intake and the activity of antioxidant enzyme should be conducted.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea National Statistical Office. 2002. Http://www.nso.go.kr/cgi-bin/sws_999.cgi?ID_2GA26&IDTYPE=3
  2. Szeto HH. 2006. Cell-permeable, mitochondrial-targeted, peptide antioxidants. AAPS 8: E277-283 https://doi.org/10.1208/aapsj080232
  3. Roberts CK, Barnard RJ, Sindhu RK, Jurczak M, Ehdaie A, Vaziri ND. 2006. Oxidative stress and dysregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase and antioxidant enzyme in diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 55: 928-934 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2006.02.022
  4. Mason RP, Kubant R, Jacob RF, Walter MF, Boychuk B, Malinski T. 2006. Effect of nebivolol on endothelial nitric oxide and peroxynitrite release in hypertensive animals: Role of antioxidant activity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 48: 862-869 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.fjc.0000238593.67191.e2
  5. Lukes DJ, Skogsberg U, Nilsson A, Lundgren A, Olausson M, Soussi B. 2005. Singlet oxygen energy illumination during moderate cold ischemia prolongs the survival of concordant hamster xeno-heart transplants. Transplant Proc 37: 518-520 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.01.072
  6. Stief TW, Richter A, Bunder R, Maisch B, Renz H. 2006. Monitoring of plasmin and plasminogen activator activity in blood of patients under fibrinolytic treatment by reteplase. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 12: 213-218 https://doi.org/10.1177/107602960601200210
  7. Moon SK, Kang SK, Kim CH. 2006. Reactive oxygen species mediates disialoganglioside GD3-induced inhibition of ERK1/2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 20: 1387-1395 https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.05-4618com
  8. Chang YJ, Song KE, Park WH, Choi YS, Lee NH. 1999. The total antioxidant capacity according to diet and life style in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease. Korean J Clin Pathol 19: 504-509
  9. Liedias F, Hansberg W. 1999. Oxidation of human catalase by singlet oxygen in myeloid leukemia cells. Photochem Photobiol 70: 887-892 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08298.x
  10. Gutteridge JM, Halliwell B. 1989. Iron toxicity and oxygen radicals. Baillieres Clin Haematol 2: 195-256 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3536(89)80017-4
  11. Halliwell B. 1994. Free radicals and antioxidants: a personal view. Nutr Rev 52: 253-265 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01453.x
  12. Treanor J, Dumyati G, O'Brien D, Rilev MA, Rilev G, Erb S, Betts R. 1994. Evalution of cold-adapted reassortant influenza B virus vaccines in elderly and chronically ill adults. J Infect Dis 169: 402-407 https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/169.2.402
  13. Serban M, Ghiea V, Pasarica D. 2002. Oxidative aggression in atherosclerosis associated to degenerative psychoorganic disturbances. Rom J Intern Med 40 (1-4): 117-123
  14. Ramirez DC, Gimenez MS. 2003. Induction of redox changes, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 by chronic cadmium exposure in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Toxicol Lett 145: 121-132 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00237-6
  15. Faine LA, Diniz YS, Almeida JA, Novelli EL, Ribas BO. 2002. Toxicity of ad lib. overfeeding: effects on cardiac tissue. Food Chem Toxicol 40: 663-668 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00004-2
  16. Arsenijevic D, de Bilbao F, Plamondon J, Paradis E, Vallet P, Richard D, Langhans W, Giannakopoulos P. 2006. Increased infarct size and lack of hyperphagic response after focal cerebral ischemia in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta-deficient mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Wetab 26: 433-445 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600200
  17. Ajith TA, Usha S, Nivitha V. 2007. Ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol protect anticancer drug cisplation induced nephrotoxicity in mice: a comparative study. Clin Chem Acta 375: 82-86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2006.06.011
  18. Wrona M, Rozanowska M, Sarna T. 2004. Zeaxanthin in combination with ascorbic acid or alpha-tocopherol protects ARPE-19 cells against photosensitized peroxidation of lipids. Free Radic Biol Med 36: 1094-1101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.02.005
  19. Olas B, Wachowicz B. 2002. Resveratrol and vitamin C as antioxidants in blood platelets. Thromb Res 10: 143-148 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-3848(02)00101-9
  20. Kranner I, Becktt RP, Wornik S, Zorn M, Pfeifhofer HW. 2002. Revival of a resurrection plant correlates with its antioxidant status. Plant J 31: 13-24 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01329.x
  21. Slamenova D, Labaj J, Krizkova L, Kogan G, Sandula J, Bresgen N, Eckl P. 2003. Protective effects of fungi (-->3)- beta-D-glucan derivatives against oxidative DNA lesions in V79 hamster lung cells. Cancer Lett 198: 153-160 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(03)00336-7
  22. Huang B, Zhang J, Hou J, Chen C. 2003. Free radical scavenging efficiency of Nano-Se in vitro. Free Radical Biol Med 35: 805-813 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00428-3
  23. Morelli R, Das S, Bertelli A, Bollini R, Lo Scalzo R, Das DK, Falchi M. 2006. The introduction of the stilbene synthase gene enhances the natural antiradical activity of Ly-copersicon esculentum mill. Mol Cell Biochem 282: 65-73 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-006-1260-7
  24. Hwang SH, Lee KS, Chun SI, Min WK, Park CJ, Hong SK. 1999. The relationship of neutrophil function with total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in diabetes mellitus. Korean J Clin Pathol 19: 190-195
  25. Jeon CH, Lee EH, Lee HI. 1998. Blood total antioxidant capacity in patients with stomach and colorectal cancer. Korean J Clin Pathol 18: 151-155
  26. Jones HW III, Wentz AC, Burnett LS. 1990. Novak's Textbook of Gynecology. 11th ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA
  27. Computer Aided nutritional Analysis Program for Professionals. 1998. The Korean Nutrition Society
  28. Food Composition Table. 6th ed. 2001. National Rural Living Science Institute, R.D.A. Seoul
  29. The 7th Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. 2000. The Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul
  30. Flohe L, Becker R, Brigelius R, Lengfelder E, Otting F. 1988. Convenient assays for superoxide dismutase. In CRC Handbook of Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Bio-medicine. CRC press, Boca Raton, FL. p 287-293
  31. Paglia DE, Valentine WN. 1967. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 70: 158
  32. Aebi H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105: 121-126 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
  33. Cao G, Prior RL. 1998. Comparison of different analytical methods for assesing total antioxidant capacity of human serum. Clin Chem 44: 1309-1315
  34. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2002. National Health Nutrition Survey. Seoul
  35. Salonen JT, Salonen R, Seppanen K. 1991. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on platelet function; randomized pair-matched, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in men with lo antioxidant status. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 1222-1229 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/53.5.1222
  36. Urano S, Midori HH, Tochihi N, Matsuo M, Shiraki M, Ito H. 1991. Vitamin E and the susceptibility of erythrocytes and reconstituted liposomes to oxidative stress in aged diabetics. Lipids 26: 58-61 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02544025
  37. Nantz MP, Rowe CA, Nieves C Jr, Percival SS. 2006. Immunity and antioxidant capacity in hummans is enhanced by consumption of a dired, encapsulate fruit and vegetable juice concentrate. J Nutr 136: 2606-2610
  38. Lunet N, Valbuena C, Carneiro F, Lopes C, Barros H. 2006. Antioxidant vitamins and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study in portugal. Nutr Cancer 55: 71-77 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327914nc5501_9
  39. Chattopadhyay A, Bandyopadhyay D. 2006. Vitamin E in the prevention of ischemic heart disease. Pharmacol Rep 58: 179-187
  40. Lee JS. 2006. Effects of soy protein and genistein on blood glucose, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid profile in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 79: 1578-1584 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.06.030
  41. Liu JR, Chen MJ, Lin CW. 2005. Antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of milk-kefir and soymilk-kefir. J Agric Food Chem 53: 2467-2474 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048934k