Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers (한국자동차공학회논문집)

The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers (한국자동차공학회)
권호 표지

An Experimental Study of Nano PM Emission Characteristics of Commercial Diesel Engine with Urea-SCR System to Meet EURO-IV

상용디젤엔진의 EURO-IV 배기규제 대응을 위한 Urea-SCR 시스템의 나노입자 배출특성에 관한 실험적 연구

  • 이천환 (자동차부품연구원 환경부품연구센터) ;
  • 조택동 (충남대학교 기계설계공학과)
  • Published : 2007.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

It is well known that two representative methods satisfy EURO-IV regulation from EURO-III. The first method is to achieve the regulation through the reduction of NOx in an engine by utilizing relatively high EGR rate and the elimination of subsequently increased PM by DPF. However, it results in the deterioration of fuel economy due to relatively high EGR rate. The second is to use the high combustion strategy to reduce PM emission by high oxidation rate and trap the high NOx emissions with DeNOx catalysts such as Urea-SCR. While it has good fuel economy relative to the first method mentioned above, its infrastructure is demanded. In this paper, the number distribution of nano PM has been evaluated by Electrical Low Pressure Impactor(ELPI) and CPC in case of Urea-SCR system in second method. From the results, the particle number was increased slightly in proportion to the amount of urea injection on Fine Particle Region, whether AOC is used or not. Especially, in case of different urea injection pressure, the trends of increasing was distinguished from low and high injection pressure. As low injection pressure, the particle number was increased largely in accordance with the amount of injected urea solution on Fine Particle Region. But Nano Particle Region was not. The other side, in case of high pressure, increasing rate of particle number was larger than low pressure injection on Nano Particle Region. From the results, the reason of particle number increase due to urea injection is supposed that new products are composited from HCNO, sulfate, NH3 on urea decomposition process.

Keywords

References

  1. T. Johnson, 'Diesel Emission Control in Review,' SAE 2006-01-0030, 2006
  2. R. Henning, 'SCR Technology for NOx Reduction : Series Experience and The State of Development,' Deer Conference, 2005
  3. M. Kim and C. Lee, 'A Study of Hydrocarbon SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) on Ag/${\Gamma}-Al_2O_3$ Catalyst,' Analytical Science & Technology, Vol.18, No.2, pp.139-146, 2005
  4. B. Bruce, T. Todd, N. Ke, E. Scott, K. Hakyong and Y. Adam, 'The Development of Rapid Aging and Poisoning Protocols for Diesel Aftertreatment Devices,' Deer Conference, 2006
  5. R. Dorenkamp, 'LNT or Urea SCR Technology : Which is the Right Technology for Tier 2 Bin 5 Passenger Vehicles?,' Deer Conference, 2006
  6. I. Gekas, P. Gabrielsson, K. Johansen, I. Bjorn and J. H. Kjaer, 'Performance of a Urea SCR System Combined with a PM and Fuel Optimized Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Able to Achieve the Euro-V Emission Limits,' SAE 2002-01-2885, 2002
  7. J. H. Baik, S. D. Yim, I. Nam, Y. S. Mok, J. Lee, B. K. Cho and S. H. Oh, 'Control of NOx Emission from Diesel Engine by Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with Urea,' Topics in Ctalysis, Vol.30/31, pp.37-41, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TOCA.0000029725.88068.97
  8. L. Hofer, J. Schlatter, H. Burtscher, J. Czerwinski and A. Mayer, 'Health Effects, Measurement and Filtration of Solid Particles Emitted from Diesel Engines,' PMP Report, 2001
  9. H. L. Fang and H. F. M. Dacosta, 'Urea Thermolysis NOx Reduction with and without SCR Catalysts,' Applied Catalysis B, Environmental Vol.46, pp.17-34, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(03)00177-2
  10. Y. Qiu and L. Gao, 'Blue-Emitting Syanuric Acid-Melamine Complexes from Urea Thermolysis,' Materials Research Bulletin, Vol.40, pp.794-799, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2005.02.003
  11. C. S. Sluder, J. M. E. Storey, S. A. Lewis and L. A. Lewis, 'Low Temperature Urea Decomposition and SCR Performance,' SAE 2005-01- 1858, 2005
  12. H. Kim, S. Lee, J. Kim, G. Cho, N. Sung and Y. Jeong, 'Measurement of Size Distribution of Diesel Particles: Effects of Instruments, Dilution Methods, and Measuring Positions,' Int. J. Automotive Technology, Vol.6, No.2, pp.119- 124, 2005
  13. M. Hosoya, S. Shundo and M. Shimoda, 'The Study of Particle Number Reduction Using After-Treatment System for a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine,' SAE 2004-01-1423, 2004
  14. P. Mikkanen, M. Moisio, J. Keskinen, J. Ristimaki and M. Marjamaki, 'Sampling Method for Particle Measurements of Vehicle Exhaust,' SAE 2001-01-0219, 2001
  15. A. Virtanen, M. Marjamaki, J. Ristimaki and J. Keskinen, 'Fine Particle Losses in Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor,' Journal of Aerosol Science, pp.389-401, 2001
  16. M. Kasper, 'The Number Concentration of Non-Volatile Particles - Design Study for an Instrument according to the PMP Recommendations,' SAE 2004-01-0960, 2004
  17. P. Mikkanen, M. Moisio and J. Keskinen, 'Sampling Method for Particle Measurements of Vehicle Exhaust,' SAE 2001-01-0219, 2001
  18. M. Koebel and M. Elsener, 'Oxidation of Diesel-Generated Volatile Organic Compounds in the Selective Catalytic Reduction Press,' Industrial Engineering of Chemical Research, Vol.37, pp.3864-3868, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9801103
  19. C. H. Lee, 'A Characteristics of Particle Number Distribution for the Urea Solution Injection to Urea SCR System of Commercial Diesel Engine for an Emission Regulation,' SAE 2007-01-3455, 2007
  20. C. H. Lee, K. C. Oh, D. J. Kim, T. K. Ha, K. B. Lee and C. B. Lee, 'An Experimental Study of Nano PM Emission Characteristics by DPF Porosity,' Fall Conference Proceedings, Vol.I, KSAE, pp. 402-407, 2005
  21. D. B. Kittelson, W. Watts, V. Baltensperger, E. Weingartner, V. Matter, S. Pandis, N. Clark and M. Gautum, Diesel Aerosol Sampling Methodology, University of Minnesota Center for Diesel Research Report, 1999