Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Greenhouse Gas (CH4, CO2, N2O) Emissions from Estuarine Tidal and Wetland and Their Characteristics

온실기체 (CH4, CO2, N2O)의 하구언갯벌 배출량과 배출특성연구

  • Kim, Deug-Soo (Atmospheric Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University)
  • 김득수 (군산대학교 토목환경공학부 환경공학전공 대기환경연구실)
  • Published : 2007.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A closed flux chamber system was used for measuring major greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from tideland and/or wetland soils in estuarine area at Saemankum, Kunsan in southwestern Korea during from months of February to June 2006. Hourly averaged GHG soil emissions were measured two to three times a day during the ebb tide hours only. Site soils were analyzed for soil parameters (temperature, pH, total organic contents, N and C contents in soil) in the laboratory. Soil GHG fluxes were calculated based on the GHG concentration rate of change measured inside a closed chamber The analysis of GHG was conducted by using a Gas Chromatography (equipped with ECD/FID) at laboratory. Changes of daily, monthly GHGs' fluxes were examined. The relationships between the GHG emissions and soil chemical contents were also scrutinized with respect to gas production and consumption mechanism in the soil. Soil pH was pH $7.47{\pm}0.49$ in average over the experimental period. Organic matter contents in sample soil was $6.64{\pm}4.98\;g/kg$, and it shows relatively lower contents than those in agricultural soils in Kunsan area. Resulting from the soil chemistry data, soil nitrogen contents seem to affect GHG emission from the tidal land surface. The tidal soil was found to be either source or sink for the major GHG during the experimental periods. The annual average of $CH_{4}\;and\;CO_{2}$ fluxes were $0.13{\pm}0.86\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}\;and\;5.83{\pm}138.73\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, respectively, which will be as a source of these gases. However, $N_{2}O$ emission showed in negative flux, and the value was $-0.02{\pm}0.66\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, and it implies tidal land surface act as a sink of $N_{2}O$. Over the experimental period, the absolute values of gas fluxes increased with soil temperature in general. Averages of the ambient gas concentration were $86.8{\pm}6.\;ppm$ in $CO_{2},\;1.63{\pm}0.34\;ppm\;in\;CH_{4},\;and\;0.59{\pm}0.15\;ppm\;in\;N_{2}O$, respectively. Generally, under the presence of gas emission from agricultural soils, decrease of gas emission will be observed as increase in ambient gas concentration. We, however, could not found significant correlation between the ambient concentrations and their emissions over the experimental period. There was no GHG compensation points existed in tide flat soil.

Keywords

References

  1. 김득수(2001) 챔버를 이용한 농작지로부터의 기체배출량 측정과 배출특성연구: NO와 $N_2O$의 배출량 산정, 한국대기환경학회지, 17(2), 203-212
  2. 김득수, 오진만(2003) 밭 토양으로부터 아질산($N_2O$)기체의 배출량 측정과 배출특성, 한국대기환경학회지, 19(5), 529-540
  3. 김득수, 오진만(2004) Closed chamber를 이용하여 측정한 토양 $N_2O$ 배출량과 주요 토양인자들과의 상관성, 한국대기환경학회지, 20(6), 749-758
  4. 인천광역시 (2000), 갯벌자연생태정보시스템, 2000 http:// www.wetland.or.kr/, 인천광역시
  5. Aneja, V.P., W.P. Robarge, and B.D. Holbrook (1995) Measurement of nitric oxide flux an upper coastal plain, North Carolina agricultural soil, Atmos. Environ., 21, 3037-3042
  6. Aselmann, I. and P.J. Crutzen (1989) Global distribution of natural freshwater wetlands and rice paddies, their net primary productivity, seasonality and possible methane emissions, J. Atmos. Chem., 8, 307-358 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00052709
  7. Bartlett, K.B. and R.C. Harriss (1993) Review and assessment of methane emissions from wetlands, Chemosphere, 26, 261-320 https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90427-7
  8. Breuer, L., H. Papen, and K. Butterbach-Bahl (2000) N2O emission from tropical soils of Australia, J. Geophy. Res., 105, D21, 26353-26367 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900424
  9. Cao, M., S. Marshall, and K. Gregson (1996) Global carbon exchange and methane emissions from natural wetlands: Application of a process-based model, J. Geophy. Res., 101, D9, 14399-14414 https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00219
  10. Davidson, E.A. (1991) Fluxes of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide from terrestrial ecosystems, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C, 219-235
  11. Godde, M. and R. Conrad (1999) Immediate and adaptation temperature effects on nitric oxide production and nitrous oxide release from nitrification and denitrification in two soils, Biol Fertil Soils, 30, 33-40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740050584
  12. IAEA (1992) Manual on measurement of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture, IAEA-TECDOC -674, November 1992, 89 pp. International Atomic Energy Agency
  13. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (1995) Climate Change 1994, Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, pp. 85-87. Cambridge University Press, New York
  14. Kim, D.S. (1997a) Characterization of $NO_x$ emissions from soils in southwest Korea and their atmospheric chemistry, J. of Korea Air Pollution Res. Assoc. 13-6, 451-461
  15. Kim, D.S. (1997b) Emissions of nitric oxide (NO) from intensively managed agricultural soils in the lower coastal plain region, north Carolina, J. of Korea Air Pollution Res. Assoc. 13-E, 11-24
  16. Kim, D.-S. and J.C. Kim (2002) Soil nitric and nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural and tidal flat fields in southwestern Korea, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 1(5), 359-369 https://doi.org/10.1139/s02-024
  17. Kim, D.-S. and V.P. Aneja (1994) Oxides of nitrogen species measurement and analysis in the rural central piedmont of north Carolina, U.S.A., 10-E, 311-324
  18. Kim, D.-S., P. Roelle, and V.P. Aneja (1995) Natural emission of nitric oxide from agricultural soil of corn field in eastern north Carolina, J. KAPRA, E, 31-43
  19. Kim, D.-S., V.P. Aneja, and W.P. Robarge (1994) Characterization of nitrogen oxide fluxes form soil of a follow field in the central piedmont north Carolina, Atmos. Environ., 28, 1129-1137 https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90290-9
  20. Kim, D.-S., Y. Harazono, M.A. Baten, H. Nagai, and H. Tsuruta (2002) Surface flux measurements of $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ from dried rice paddy in Japan during a fallow winter season, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 52, 416-422 https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470795
  21. Mosquera, J., G.J. Monteny, and J.W. Erisman (2004) Overview and assessment of techniques to measure ammonia emissions from animal houses: the case of the Netherlands, Environmental Pollution, 135, 381-388 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.011
  22. NOAA (2005) http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/s2512.htm
  23. Paerl, H.W. (1995) Coastal eutrophication in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition; Current perspectives, Ophelia, 41, 237-259 https://doi.org/10.1080/00785236.1995.10422046
  24. Papen, H. and K. Butterbach-Bahl (1999) A 3-year continuous record of nitrogen trace gas fluxes from untreated and limited soil of N-saturated spruce and beech forest ecosystem in Germany: 1. $N_2O$ emissions, J. Geophy. Res., 104, D15, 18487-18503 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900293
  25. Parrish, D.D., E.J. Williams, D.W. Fahey, S.C. Lin, F.C. Fehsenfeld (1987) Measurement of nitrogen oxides fluxes from soils: Intercomparison of enclosure and gradient measurement techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2165-2171 https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD02p02165
  26. Roelle, P., V.P. Aneja, J. O'Connor, W. Robarge, D.-S. Kim, and J.S. Levine (1999) Measurement of nitrogen oxide emissions form an agricultural soil with a dynamic chamber system, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1609-1619 https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01202
  27. Rudaz, A.O., E. Walti, P. Lehmann, and J. Fuhrer (1999) Temporal variation in $N_2O$ and $N_2$ fluxes from a permanent pasture in Switzerland in relation to management, soil water content and soil temperature, Agricluture, Ecosystems and Environment, 73, 83-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00005-5
  28. Saad, O. and R. Conrad (1993) Adaptation to temperature of nitric oxide-producing nitrate-reducing bacterial populations in soil, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 16, 120- 125 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80256-0
  29. Slemr, F. and W. Seiler (1991) Field study of environmental variables controlling the NO emissions from soil and the NO compensation point, J. Geopgys. Res., 96, 13017-13031 https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD01028
  30. Tsuruta, T., K. Kanda, and T. Hirose (1997) Nitrous oxide emission from a rice paddy filed in Japan, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 49, 51-58 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009739830004
  31. Walker, J., D. Nelson, and V.P. Aneja (2000) Trends in ammonium concentration in precipitation and atmospheric ammonia emissions at a coastal plain site in north Carolina USA, Environmental Science and Technology, 34(17), 3527-3534 https://doi.org/10.1021/es990921d
  32. Warneck, P. (2000) Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere. 2nd edition, Academic Press, Nee York
  33. WMO(2006) WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin No. 1:14 March 2006

Cited by

  1. Characteristics of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Freshwater Wetland and Tidal Flat in Korea vol.29, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2013.29.2.171
  2. Concentrations at Sunset before and after of Summer Season at the Foreshore vol.23, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2014.23.3.399
  3. Fluxes to Seasonal Variations in a Grassplot vol.23, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2014.23.6.1131
  4. Measurement of Nitrous Oxide Emissions on the Cultivation of Soybean by No-Tillage and Conventional-Tillage in Upland Soil vol.48, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2015.48.6.610