CT characteristics of normal canine pulmonary arteries and evaluation of optimal contrast delivery methods in CT pulmonary angiography

  • Jung, Joohyun (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Chang, Jinhwa (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Junghee (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Mincheol (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University)
  • Accepted : 2007.04.06
  • Published : 2007.06.30

Abstract

This study was performed to identify the normal anatomic orientation of pulmonary arteries and to obtain the normal baseline parameters and the optimal contrast material delivery methods of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) on normal beagle dogs. Based on the contrast injection flow rate, the contrast volume, and the administration methods, the experimental groups were divided into 4 groups such as group 1 : 2 ml/s, 3 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 2 : 5 ml/s, 3 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 3 : 5 ml/s, 4 ml/kg, and monophasic administration; group 4 : 5 ml/s and 2 ml/kg in first phase, 0.3 ml/s and 2 ml/kg in second phase, as biphasic administration. Normal anatomic orientation of pulmonary arteries in CTPA was evaluated through reformatted and 3D images after retro-reconstruction. Normal parameters for great arteries and peripheral pulmonary arteries were obtained on the factor of basement hounsfield unit (HU) values, contrast enhanced HU values, delay time, and peak time. And the optimal contrast delivery methods were evaluated on the factor of contrast enhanced HU values, image quality, and artifact. The monophasic administration with 5 ml/s contrast injection flow rate and 3 ml/kg contrast volume was optimal in canine CTPA.

Keywords

References

  1. Baines EA, Watson PJ, Stidworthy MF, Herrtage ME. Gross pulmonary thrombosis in a greyhound. J Small Anim Pract 2001, 42, 448-452 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02499.x
  2. Claves JL, Wise SW, Hopper KD, Tully D, Ten Have TR, Weaver J. Evaluation of contrast densities in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis by CT angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997, 169, 569-573 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.169.2.9242779
  3. Dvorak LD, Preziosi DE, Hitchcock LS. What is your diagnosis? Acute pulmonary thromboembolism secondary to spontaneous death of adult heartworms. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000, 217, 180-181 https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.217.180
  4. Frank P, Mahaffey M, Egger C, Cornell KK. Helical computed tomographic portography in ten normal dogs and ten dogs with a portosystemic shunt. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2003, 44, 392-400 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2003.tb00475.x
  5. Godwin JD, Webb WR, Gamsu G, Ovenfors CO. Computed tomography of pulmonary embolism. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1980, 135, 691-695 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.135.4.691
  6. Han JK, Choi BI, Kim AY, Kim SJ. Contrast media in abdominal computed tomography: optimization of delivery methods. Korean J Radiol 2001, 2, 28-36 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2001.2.1.28
  7. Henseler KP, Pozniak MA, Lee FT Jr, Winter TC 3rd. Three-dimensional CT angiography of spontaneous portosystemic shunts. Radiographics 2001, 21, 691-704 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.21.3.g01ma14691
  8. Hidaka Y, Hagio M, Murakami T, Okano S, Natsuhori K, Narita N. Three dogs under 2 years of age with heartworm caval syndrome. J Vet Med Sci 2003, 65, 1147-1149 https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.65.1147
  9. Hopper KD, Mosher TJ, Kasales CJ, TenHave TR, Tully DA, Weaver JS. Thoracic spiral CT: delivery of contrast material pushed with injectable saline solution in a power injector. Radiology 1997, 205, 269-271 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.205.1.9314997
  10. Johnson LR, Lappin MR, Baker DC. Pulmonary thromboembolism in 29 dogs: 1985-1995. J Vet Intern Med 1999, 13, 338-345
  11. Jones SE, Wittram C. The indeterminate CT pulmonary angiogram: imaging characteristics and patient clinical outcome. Radiology 2005, 237, 329-337 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2371041520
  12. Kereiakes DJ, Herfkens RJ, Brundage BH, Gamsu G, Lipton MJ. Computerized tomography in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am Heart J 1983, 106, 1432-1436 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(83)90058-3
  13. LaRue MJ, Murtaugh RJ. Pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs: 47 cases (1986-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990, 197, 1368-1372
  14. Liska WD, Poteet BA. Pulmonary embolism associated with canine total hip replacement. Vet Surg 2003, 32, 178-186 https://doi.org/10.1053/jvet.2003.50016
  15. McGuire NC, Vitsky A, Daly CM, Behr MJ. Pulmonary thromboembolism associated with Blastomyces dermatitidis in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002, 38, 425-430 https://doi.org/10.5326/0380425
  16. Pape HC. Pulmonary and systemic fat embolization after medullary canal pressurization: a hemodynamic and histologic investigation in the dog. J Trauma 1999, 47, 190 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199907000-00043
  17. Rawlings CA. Pulmonary vascular response of dogs with heartworm disease. Can J Comp Med 1978, 42, 452-459
  18. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Wattinne L, Giraud F. Central pulmonary thromboembolism: diagnosis with spiral volumetric CT with the single-breath-hold technique comparison with pulmonary angiography. Radiology 1992, 185, 381-387 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.185.2.1410342
  19. Ritt MG, Rogers KS, Thomas JS. Nephrotic syndrome resulting in thromboembolic disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997, 33, 385-391 https://doi.org/10.5326/15473317-33-5-385
  20. Rubin GD, Lane MJ, Bloch DA, Leung AN, Stark P. Optimization of thoracic spiral CT: effects of iodinated contrast medium concentration. Radiology 1996, 201, 785-791 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.201.3.8939232
  21. Schwickert HC, Schweden F, Schild HH, Piepenburg R, Duber C, Kauczor HU, Renner C, Iversen S, Thelen M. Pulmonary arteries and lung parenchyma in chronic pulmonary embolism: preoperative and postoperative CT findings. Radiology 1994, 191, 351-357 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.191.2.8153305
  22. Teigen CL, Maus TP, Sheedy PF 2nd, Johnson CM, Stanson AW, Welch TJ. Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with electron-beam CT. Radiology 1993, 188, 839-845 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.188.3.8351359
  23. Teigen CL, Maus TP, Sheedy PF 2nd, Stanson AW, Johnson CM, Breen JF, McKusick MA. Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced electronbeam CT and comparison with pulmonary angiography. Radiology 1995, 194, 313-319 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.194.2.7824704
  24. Terrell SP, Sundeep Chandra AM, Pablo LS, Lewis DD. Fatal intraoperative pulmonary fat embolism during cemented total hip arthroplasty in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2004, 40, 345-348 https://doi.org/10.5326/0400345
  25. van Hoe L, Marchal G, Baert AL, Gryspeerdt S, Mertens L. Determination of scan delay time in spiral CT-angiography: utility of a test bolus injection. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995, 19, 216-220 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199503000-00009
  26. Venco L, Calzolari D, Morini S. Pulmonary thromboembolism in a dog with renal amyloidosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998, 39, 564-565 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01652.x