Comparison of defect size measured by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography with balloon occlusive diameter measured during transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect

경피적 심방중격결손 폐쇄술 시 경흉부 및 경식도 초음파 검사 상의 결손의 크기와 풍선 폐쇄 직경과의 관계

  • Hur, Kyong (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jeong Eun (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Yuria (Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Kwon, Hae Sik (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yoo, Byung Won (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Jae Young (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Sul, Jun Hee (Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • 허경 (연세대학교 의과대학 심장혈관병원 소아심장과) ;
  • 김정은 (연세대학교 의과대학 심장혈관병원 소아심장과) ;
  • 김유리아 (국민건강보험공단 일산병원 소아과) ;
  • 권해식 (연세대학교 의과대학 심장혈관병원 소아심장과) ;
  • 유병원 (연세대학교 의과대학 심장혈관병원 소아심장과) ;
  • 최재영 (연세대학교 의과대학 심장혈관병원 소아심장과) ;
  • 설준희 (연세대학교 의과대학 심장혈관병원 소아심장과)
  • Received : 2007.06.18
  • Accepted : 2007.08.16
  • Published : 2007.10.15

Abstract

Purpose : Accurate measurement of defect size is important in transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD). We performed this study to analyze the difference between the measured ASD size and balloon occlusive diameter (BOD) by transthoracic (TTE) or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods : We investigated 78 patients who underwent transcatheter closure of ASD. The defect size and the distance between the surrounding structures were measured by TTE and TEE. The BOD was measured by TEE during cardiac catheterization. Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic data were compared and analyzed. Results : The difference between BOD and diameter by TTE was $4.8{\pm}3.6mm$ on short axis view, $5.4{\pm}3.2mm$ on long axis view. The difference between BOD and diameter by TEE was $3.6{\pm}2.2mm$ on short axis view, $4.2{\pm}3.1mm$ on long axis view. The difference between BOD and the diameter of defects on TTE, TEE had statistically significant positive correlations with the age of the patients, distance between the, defect and posterior atrial septal wall, the distance between the defect and the mitral valve leaflet, and the diameter of defects and the length of the atrial septum on TTE (P<0.05). Conclusion : BOD of ASD can be estimated by the diameter on TTE and TEE. BOD is expected to measure larger, depending on the size of defects, the distance from surrounding structures and the location of defects on echocardiography. Our data offers important information on details of transcatheter ASD closure which can be helpful in predicting suitability and judging the procedural appropriateness during the procedure.

목 적 : 본 연구는 경피적 심방중격결손 폐쇄술 시 TTE 및 TEE를 이용하여 측정한 결손의 크기와 BOD과의 차이를 분석하고 이에 영향을 줄 수 있는 혈역학적 및 해부학적인 요인에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 5월부터 2004년 6월까지 본원에서 연세대학교 심장혈관병원 소아심장과에서 이차공 심방중격결손 진단 하에 경피적폐쇄술을 시행받은 78명의 환자(남자 20명, 여자 58명, 평균연령 $18{\pm}17.4$세)를 대상으로 하였다. 각 환자에서 TTE와 TEE를 시행하여 결손의 크기 및 주변구조들(대동맥, 상대정맥, 하대정맥, 승모판연, 심방후벽)과의 거리를 측정하였고 시술 시 TEE 유도 하에 BOD를 측정하여 상관 관계와 관련 요인을 분석하였다. 결 과 : BOD와 TTE로 측정한 직경의 차이는 흉골연 단축상에서 $4.8{\pm}3.6mm$, 흉골하 장축상에서는 $5.4{\pm}3.2mm$였고 BOD와 TEE상 직경과의 차이는 단축상에서 $3.6{\pm}2.2mm$, 장축상에서 $4.2{\pm}3.1mm$였다. 선형회귀분석을 통한 BOD와 TTE상 직경의 회귀방정식은 흉골연 단축상에서 Y=1.12X+3.86(R2=0.82, P< 0.01), 흉골하 장축상 (또는 심첨 4방상)에서 Y=1.01X+5.32(R2= 0.83, P<0.01)(Fig. 4), BOD와 TEE상 직경의 회귀방정식은 단축상에서 Y=1.02X+3.88(R2=0.89, P<0.01), 장축상에서 Y=1.05X+3.60(R2=0.83, P<0.01)였다. BOD와 TTE 및 TEE 상의 결손의 직경의 차이는 환자의 나이가 많을수록, 결손과 심방 후벽까지의 길이가 길수록, 승모판연까지의 거리가 길수록, TTE상 결손의 직경 및 심방중격의 길이가 길수록 통계학적으로 의미 있게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 심방중격결손의 BOD는 TTE 및 TEE상의 직경의 크기로 어느 정도 예측이 가능하며 심초음파상 결손의 크기 및 주변 구조들과의 거리와 결손의 위치에 따라 BOD가 더 크게 측정될 것으로 예상할 수 있어 경피적 기구 폐쇄가 가능한 환자의 선정, 시술에 따른 어려움의 예측과 시술 시 적정성의 판단에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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