Comparison of neonatal outcomes between the spontaneous and in vitro fertilization twin pregnancies

인공수정 및 자연수정으로 태어난 쌍생아간 임상 양상 비교

  • Kim, Hee Moon (Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong Won (Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Shin, Seon Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim, Sung Koo (Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Sung, Tae Jung (Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University)
  • 김희문 (한림대학교의료원 강남성심병원 소아과) ;
  • 이정원 (한림대학교의료원 강남성심병원 소아과) ;
  • 신선희 (한림대학교의료원 강남성심병원 소아과) ;
  • 김성구 (한림대학교의료원 강남성심병원 소아과) ;
  • 성태정 (한림대학교의료원 강남성심병원 소아과)
  • Received : 2007.04.18
  • Accepted : 2007.06.21
  • Published : 2007.08.15

Abstract

Purpose : There is a dominant opinion that in vitro fertilization (IVF) leads to an increased incidence of twins, low birth weight (LBW) infants, prematurity and mortality. On the other hand, technical development of IVF and improvement of neonatal intensive care have increased the survival rate of neonates. The purpose of this study was to verify the tendency by comparing the clinical aspects of IVF and spontaneously conceived twins, and to establish methods to increase the survival rate of neonates after IVF. Methods : Retrospective reviews were performed on all twin infants who were admitted to the nursery and NICU at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2006. Medical records of IVF twins (study group, n=92) and spontaneously conceived twins (control group, n=265) were analyzed and compared. Neonatal outcomes and complications, as well as obstetric outcomes, were analyzed and compared. Results : Mean gestational age and birth weight of the study group ($34.6{\pm}3.5$ weeks, $2,203.9{\pm}617.2g$) were considerably lower than those of the control group ($36.3{\pm}2.4$ weeks, $2,367.0{\pm}517.9g$). The frequency of prematurity less than 37 weeks (68.5% vs 51.3%) and extremely LBW (15.2% vs 6.4%) were also significantly higher in the study group. Other neonatal outcomes were all insignificant. The obstetric characteristics, maternal age ($32.6{\pm}3.3$ years vs $30.3{\pm}3.9$ years) and the frequency of cesarean delivery(95.7% vs 79.9%) were significantly higher in the study group. Other obstetric outcomes were insignificant except for the frequency of incompetent internal os of cervix (36.2% vs 3.6%) and cerclage operation (38.3% vs 4.3%). Conclusion : Based on the above results, clinical outcomes of twin infants will be further improved by careful attention and thorough antenatal care of the IVF twins.

목 적 : 인공수정으로 태어난 신생아는 쌍태아가 많고, 저체중아나 미숙아로 태어날 가능성이 많고, 사망률이 높다는 의견이 지배적이다. 한편 그동안의 인공수정의 기술적 발전과 신생아 집중치료실의 치료적 발전을 통해 신생아 생존율은 높아지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 인공수정으로 태어난 쌍생아와 자연 분만한 쌍생아의 임상 양상의 비교를 통해 이를 증명하고 인공수정아의 생존율을 높이기 위한 방법을 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월 1일부터 2006년 12월 31일까지 7년 동안 한림대학교 강남성심병원 신생아실 및 신생아 집중 치료실에 입원한 쌍생아를 대상으로 인공수정으로 태어난 쌍생아를 인공수정군(n=92)으로 자연수정을 통해 태어난 쌍생아를 자연임신군(n=265)으로 의무기록지를 후향적으로 검토, 비교하였다. 산모력으로는 산모의 나이, 산과적 질환유무, 산과적 합볍증 등에 대해 조사하였고, 신생아 분만력으로는 재태 주령, 출생체중, 분만방법, 1분 및 5분 아프가 점수, 사망 여부, 기타 합병증 발생 유무, 신체기형 유무 등에 대하여 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 자연수정군에 비해 인공수정군에서 평균 재태 주령(자연임신군 $36.3{\pm}2.4$주 vs 인공수정군 $34.6{\pm}3.5$주)과 출생체중($2,367.0{\pm}517.9g$ vs $2,203.9{\pm}617.2g$)이 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 37주 미만 미숙아의 비율(51.3% vs 68.5%)과 극소 저출생 체중아의 비율(6.4% vs 15.2%)도 유의하게 높았다. 신생아기 예후에 있어서는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 산과적 측면으로는 산모의 나이($32.6{\pm}3.3$세 vs $30.3{\pm}3.9$세)와 제왕절개 비율(79.9% vs 95.7%)이 인공수정군에서 유의하게 높았으며 자궁경부 무력증 빈도(3.6% vs 36.2%) 및 이로 인한 자궁경부 봉축술 빈도(4.3% vs 38.3%)가 실험군에서 유의하게 높았다. 다른 산과적 합병증 발생은 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 인공수정으로 태어난 쌍생아는 자연수정으로 태어난 쌍생아에 비해 출생 체중과 재태 주령이 낮았으나, 모체의 산과적 합병증 빈도와 신생아기 예후에 있어서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 따라서 인공수정 산모의 경우 철저한 산전 관리와 함께 태어난 신생아를 의료진이 보다 관심을 두고 치료한다면 자연 수정으로 태어난 신생아와 다름없이 건강한 아이로 키울 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim CH, Lee YI. Obstertric outcomes of twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Korean J Obstet Gynecol 2000;43:1640-5
  2. Lim JH, Kim HS, Hwang KJ, Yang JI, Kim MR, Lee HJ, et al. Twin pregnancies: in vitro fertilization vs. spontaneously conceived. Korean J Obstet Gynecol 2002;45:2172-6
  3. A study on utilization of health services and coping strategies for infertility in Korea. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs 2003;:1-11
  4. Edward RG, Steptoe PC, Purdy JM. Establishing full term human pregnancies using cleaving embryos grown in vitro. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1980;87:737-56 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04610.x
  5. Jang YS, Lee JY, Moon SY, Kim JK. Pregnancy and its outcome by in vitro fertilization of human oocytes and embryo transfer. Korean J Obstet Gynecol 1986;29:345
  6. Dunn A, Macfarlane A. Recent trends in the incidence of multiple births and associated mortality in England and Wales. Arch Dis Child 1996;75:F10-19 https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.75.1.F10
  7. Tanbo T, Abyholm T. Obstetric and perinatal outcome in pregnancies after assisted reproduction. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1996;8:193-8
  8. Botting BJ, MacDonald DI, Macfarlane AJ. Recent trends in the incidence of multiple births and associated mortality. Arch Dis Child 1987;62:941-50 https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.62.9.941
  9. Tan SL, Doyle P, Campbell S, Beral V, Rizk B, Brinsden P, et al. Obstetric outcome of in vitro fertilization pregnancies compared with normally conceived pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:778-84 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(11)91589-0
  10. Conde-Agudelo A, Belizan JM, Lindmark G. Maternal morbidity and mortality associated with multiple gestations. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:899-904 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00640-7
  11. Nassar AH, Usta IM, Rechdan JB, Herb TS, Adra AM, Abu-Musa AA. Pregnancy outcome in spontaneous twins versus twins who were conceived through in vitro fertilization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003:189:513-8 https://doi.org/10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00485-X
  12. Reubinoff B, Samueloff A, Ben-Haim M, Friedler S, Schenker J, Lewin A. Is the obstetric outcome of in vitro fertilized singleton gestations different from natural ones? A controlled study. Fertil Steril 1997;67:1077-83 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81442-2
  13. Daniel Y, Ochshorn Y, Fait G, Geva E, Bar-Am A, Lessing J. Analysis of 104 twin pregnancies conceived with assisted reproductive technologies and 193 spontaneously conceived twin pregnancies. Fertil Steril 2000;74:683-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01491-6
  14. Assisted reproductive technology in the United States and Canada: 1993 results generated from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry. Fertil Steril 1995;64:13-21
  15. Bernasko J, Lynch L, Lapinski R, Berkowitz RL. Twin pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive techniques: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:368-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(96)00527-3
  16. Kang EH, Park EJ, Kim SH, Chae HD, Kim JH, Kang BM, et al. Pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization twin pregnancies compared with normally conceived twin pregnancies. Korean J Obstet Gynecol 2000;43:1597-603
  17. Nam SH, Lee JE, Moon SO, Choi SJ, Kim HS, Oh SY, et al. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes based on chorionicity between spontaneous and in vitro fertilization twins. Korean J Obstet Gynecol 2006;49:1638-45
  18. Manoura A, Korakaki E, Hatzidaki E, Bikouvarakis S, Papageorgiou M, Giannakopoulou C. Perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004;83:1079-84 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00623.x
  19. Zuppa AA, Maragliano G, Scapillati ME, Crescimbini B, Tortorolo G. Neonatal outcome of spontaneous and assisted twin pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001; 95:68-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-2115(00)00372-9
  20. Olivennes F, Kadhel P, Rufat P, Fanchin R, Fernandez H, Frydman R. Perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies obtained after in vitro fertilization: comparison with twin pregnancies obtained spontaneously or after ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril 1996;66:105-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)58395-2
  21. Hendershot GE. Maternal age and overdue conceptions. Am J Public Health 1984;74:35-8 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.74.1.35
  22. Seoud MA, Nassar AH, Usta IM, Melhem Z, Kazma A, Khalil A. Impact of advanced maternal age on pregnancy outcome. Am J Perinatol 2002;19:1-8 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-20175