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Runoff of Endosulfan by Rainfall Simulation and from Soybean-grown Field Lysimeter

인공강우와 콩재배 포장 라이시메타를 이용한 endosulfan의 유출량 평가

  • Kim, Chan-Sub (Pesticide Safety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Hee-Dong (Pesticide Safety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ihm, Yang-Bin (Pesticide Safety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Im, Geon-Jae (Pesticide Safety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration)
  • 김찬섭 (농업과학기술원 농약평가과) ;
  • 이희동 (농업과학기술원 농약평가과) ;
  • 임양빈 (농업과학기술원 농약평가과) ;
  • 임건재 (농업과학기술원 농약평가과)
  • Published : 2007.12.31

Abstract

Three different experiments were carried out to investigate the runoff and erosion losses of endosulfan from sloped-field by rainfall. The mobility of endosulfan and which phase it was transported by were examined in adsorption study, the influence of rainfall pattern and slope degree on the pesticide loss were evaluated in simulated rainfall study, and the pesticide losses from soybean-grown field comparing with bare soil were measured in field lysimeter study. Adsorption parameter (K) of endosulfan ranged from 77 to 131 by adsorption method and K values by the desorption method were higher than those by the adsorption method. By the SSLRC's classification for pesticide mobility endosulfan was classified as non-mobile class ($K_{oc}>4,000$). Runoff and erosion loss of endosulfan by three rainfall scenarios ranged from 3.4 to 5.6%and from 4.4 to 15.6%of the amount treated. Endosulfan residues were mainly remained at the top 5 cm of soil depth after the simulated rainfall study. Pesticide loss in case of 30%-slope degree ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 times higher than those in case of 10%-slope degree. The difference of pesticide runoff loss was related with its concentration in runoff water and the difference of pesticide erosion loss would related closely with the quantity of soil eroded. Endosulfan losses from a series of lysimeter plots in sloped land by rainfall ranged from 5 to 35% of the amount treated. The erosion rate of endosulfan from soybean-plots was 66% of that from bare soil plots. The effect of slope conditions was not great for runoff loss, but was great for erosion loss as increasing to maximum $4{\sim}12$ times with slope degree and slope length. The peak runoff concentration of endosulfan in soybean-plots and bare soil plots ranged from 8 to 10 and from 7 to $9{\mu}gL^{-1}$ on nine plots with different slope degree and slope length. Therefore the difference of the peak runoff concentrations between bare soil plots and soybean-plots were not great.

강우에 의한 경사지 토양으로부터의 농약 유출양상을 파악하고 그에 대한 농약의 특성, 환경적 요인 및 영농방법 등의 영향 정도를 평가하기 위하여 토양흡착실험과 인공강우유출 실험 및 콩 재배 lysimeter 포장에서 유출실험을 수행하였다. Endosulfan의 흡착법에 의한 흡착계수 (K)는 $77{\sim}131$이었으며, 탈착법에 의한K값이 흡착법으로 구한 값보다 높았다. 영국 SSLRC의 이동성 분류기준에 의하면 endosulfan은 Koc 4,000을 초과하여 non-mobile 등급에 속하였다. 인공강우 처리구의 유출수 및 유실토양에 의한 endosulfan의 유실율은 $3.4{\sim}5.6%$$4.4{\sim}15.6%$이었다. 인공강우실험 후 토심별 분포를 살펴 본 결과 대부분의 endosulfan 잔류분은 토심 5 cm 이내에 잔류하였다. 경사도 30%의 경우가 10%에 비하여 각 농약의 유실량이 $0.6{\sim}0.9$배 많았는데 유출수에 의한 농약의 유실량 차이는 유출수 중 농도 차이로 볼 수 있으며, 유실토양에 의한 농약 유실량 차이는 토양 유실량과 관계되는 것으로 생각되었다. Lysimeter 포장유출실험 결과 경사도 및 경사장별 endo-sulfan 유실량은 살포량 대비 $5{\sim}35%$ 수준이었다. 콩재배구의 유실율은 나지구의 유실율에 비하여 평균 66% 수준이었다. 경사조건의 영향을 살펴보면 유출수의 경우에는 그 차이가 크지 않았으나 유실토양에 의한 유실율은 경사도와 경사장 증가에 따라 $4{\sim}12$배까지 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 유출수 중 농약성분의 최고농도는 콩재배구 및 나지구 각각 $8{\sim}10{\mu}gL^{-1}$$7{\sim}9{\mu}gL^{-1}$ 수준으로 작물 재배 여부에 따른 유출수 중 농도의 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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