Derivation of Parameters for Loudspeaker with Frequency Dependent Terms and Discussion for Estimation Methods

라우드스피커 주파수 종속 매개변수 유도 및 규명법 비교

  • Published : 2007.08.31

Abstract

In this paper it was discussed and compared measured loudspeaker impedance curve with ones reconstructed by TS parameters estimated using four kinds of parameter estimation methods developed in frequency domain. Frequency dependent parameters were introduced and derived using least square error minimization technique. For known dynamic mass TS parameter estimation methods were reviewed and also proved non-uniqueness of these parameters by simulation method. Minimum phase transformation was adopted to derive phase information from magnitude of loudspeaker electrical impedance curve measured by one channel analyzer.

본 논문에서는 현재까지 주파수 영역에서 개발된 4종류의 라우드스피커 TS 매개변수 규명법들에 대하여 비교 검토하였다. 보이스 코일 인덕터에 대한 상세한 모델링을 위해 주파수 종속 모델링 기법을 소개하였고 관련된 매개변수들을 유도하였다. 라우드스피커의 동적 질량을 알고 있을 때에 TS 매개변수를 규명하는 방법을 소개하고 이를 실제 라우드스피커에 적용할 때에 고려할 사항들도 기술하였다. 1채널 장비로 전기 임피던스를 측정할 때에는 크기만을 측정하게 되므로 위상값 추정을 위해 최소 위상 변환법을 사용하는 방법도 기술하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. O. Jacobsen, 'Measuring Loudspeaker Constants by a Transient Method,' J. Audio. Soc., 30 (3), 112-116, 1982
  2. J. M. Berman and L. R. Fincham, 'The Application of Digital Techaniques to the Measurement of Loudspeakers,' J. Audio. Soc., 25 (6), 370-384, 1977
  3. W. M. Leach, R. W. Schafer, and T. P. Barnswell, 'Time-Domain Measurement of Loudspeaker Driver Parameters,' IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, ASSP-27, 734-739, 1979
  4. V. K. Jain, W. M. Leach, and R. W. Schafer, 'Time-Domain Measurement of Vented-Box Loudspeaker System Parameters,' IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, ASSP-31, 1-8, 1983
  5. S. M. Potirakis, G. E. Alexakis, M. C. Tsilis, and P. J. Xenitidis, 'Time-Domain Nonlinear Modeling of Practical Electroacoustic Transducers,' J. Audio. Soc., 47 (6), 447-468, 1999
  6. LMS User Manual, Win32 Release 4.1 (LINEARX SYSTEMS Inc., 2000)
  7. W.M. Leach, Jr. 'Louspeaker Voice-Coil Inductance Losses:Circuit Models, Parameter Estimation, and Effect on Frequency Response,' J. Audio Eng. Soc., 50 (6), 442-450, 2002
  8. M. O. Hawksford, 'Minimum-Phase Signal Processing for Loudspeaker Systems,' Presented at the 100th Convention, preprint 4212, Copenhagen, May 1996
  9. Soren Jonsson, 'Accurate Determination of Loudspeaker Parameters Using Audio Analyzer Type 2012 and Lasor Velocity Transducer Type 3544,'
  10. M. H. Knudsen, J. G. Jenson, V. Julskjaer, and P. Rubak, 'Determination of Loudspeaker Driver Patameters Using a Sysytem Identification Technique: J. Audio. Soc., 37 (9), 700-708, 1989
  11. L. Ljung, System Identification: Theory for the User, (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1987)
  12. W. Klippel, 'Measurement of Large-Signal Parameters of Electrodynamic Transducer,' presented at the 107th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio. Soc., preprint 5008, 1999
  13. M. Knudsen and P, Rubak, 'Determination of Loudspeaker Parameters Using a System Identification Techniques,' presented at the 82nd Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio. Soc., 35, preprint 2445, 1987
  14. M, Knudsen and J, Overgaad, 'Identification of Thermal Model for Human Tissue,' IEEE Trans, Biomed. Eng., BME-33, 477-485, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.1986.325734
  15. L. L. Beranek, Acoustics (the Acoustical Society of America, 1986)
  16. W. M. Leach, Jr., Introduction to Electroacoustics & Audio Amplifier Design (3rd edition, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 2003)
  17. LEAP Enclosure Shop Reference Manual, release 5 (LINEARX SYTEMS Inc., 2002)
  18. A. N. Thiele, 'Loudspeakers in Vented Boxes:Part I,' J. Audio. Soc., 9 (5), 382-392, 1971
  19. R. H. Small, 'Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part I: Analysis,' J. Audio. Soc., 20 (10), 798-808, 1972
  20. R. H. Small, 'Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part II: Synthesis,' J. Audio. Soc., 21 (1), 11-18, 1973
  21. R. H. Small, 'Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part I: Small Signal Analysis,' J. Audio. Soc., 21 (5), 363 -372, 1973
  22. R. H. Small. 'Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part II: Large Signal Analysis,' J. Audio. Soc., 21 (6), 438-444, 1973
  23. R. H. Small, 'Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems-Part III: Synthesis,' J. Audio. Soc., 21 (7), 549-554, 1973
  24. L. Meirovitch, Analytical Methods in Vibrations (the Macmillan Co., 1967)
  25. 박석태, 스피커 진동판 형상에 따른 음향방사 해석에 관한 연구. (스피커음향연구과제개발사업 결과보고서, 주성대학, 2002)
  26. 박석태, '리우드스피커의 선형매개변수 규명법에 대한 연구.' 한국음향학회지. 21 (4),415-420, 2002
  27. 박석태, '핸드폰 용 마이크로스피커 전산해석.' 한국음향 학회학술대회논문집. 23 (2s), 495-498, 2004
  28. C. N. Strahm, 'Complete Analysis of Single and Multiple Loudspeaker Enclosures: presented at the 81st Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, J. Audio. Soc., preprint 2419, 1986
  29. J. Vanderkooy, 'An Model of Loudspeaker Driver Impedance Incorporating Eddy Currents in the Pole Structure,' J. Audio Eng. Soc., 37 (30),119-128, 1989
  30. 박석태, '제작과정에 따른 리우드스피커 음향 및 전기 편이분석.' 주성대학 논문집 12, 83-96. 2003