생태와환경 (Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment)

  • 제40권4호
  • /
  • Pages.527-536
  • /
  • 2007
  • /
  • 2288-1115(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-1123(eISSN)
한국수생태학회 (The Korean Society of Limnology)
권호 표지

Ecosystem Health Assessments of Changwon Stream as a Preliminary Diagnosis for Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration

  • Han, Jung-Ho (School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Bae, Dae-Yeul (School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • An, Kwang-Guk (School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University)
  • 발행 : 2007.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this study, we applied 10-metric health assessment model, based on the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) during 2006 in the Changwon Stream, which is located in the Changwon city, Gyeongnam province, S. Korea, and then compared with water quality data. The Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) in the Changwon Stream varied from 18 to 38 in the watershed depending on the sampling location and averaged 30.3 (n=6) during the study. Analysis of tolerance guilds showed that the proportion of sensitive species was 13%, but tolerant and intermediate species were 34% and 53%, respectively. Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) averaged 43.3 (range: 65-104, n=6) indicating non-supporting condition, based on the criteria of U.S. EPA (1993). Values of QHEI showed a typical longitudinal decreases from the headwater reach to the downstream location, except for Site 1 with a low QHEI value by artificial habitat by concrete construction. Minimum QHEI was found in Site 4 where fish diversity was minimal. Conductivity increased continuously along the gradients and especially showed abrupt increases in the downstream sites along with turbidity. Stream ecosystem health of IBI matched to the values of QHEI except for S6. Low IBI values in the sites 4 and 5 was considered to be a result of combined effects of chemical pollutions and habitat degradations. Our results support the hypotheses of Plafkin et ai. (1989) that physical habitat quality directly influences the trophic structure and species richness, and is closely associated with IBI values.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. An, K.G., Y.P. Hong, J.K. Kim and S.S. Choi. 1992. Studies on zonation and community analysis of freshwater fish in Kum-river. Korean J. Limnol. 25(2): 99-112
  2. An, K.G. 2000. The impact of monsoon on seasonal variability of basin morphology and hydrology. Korean J. Limnol. 33(4): 342-349
  3. An, K.G. 2001. Seasonal patterns of reservoir thermal structure and water column mixis and their modifications by interflow current. Korean J. Limnol. 34(1): 9-19
  4. An, K.G., D.H. Yeom and S.K. Lee. 2001a. Rapid bioassessments of Kap Stream using the Index of Biological Integrity. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 19(4): 261-269
  5. An, K.G., S.H. Jung and S.S. Choi. 2001b. An evaluation on health conditions of Pyong-Chang River using the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). Korean J. Limnol. 34(3): 153-165
  6. An, K.G. and J.H. Kim. 2005. A diagnosis of ecological health using a physical habitat assessment and multimetric fish model in Daejeon Stream. Korean J. Limnol. 38(3): 361-371
  7. An, K.G., J.Y. Lee and H.N. Jang. 2005a. Ecological health assessments and water quality patterns in Youdeung Stream. Korean J. Limnol. 38(3): 341-351
  8. An, K.G., S.J. Hwang, D.Y. Bae, J.Y. Lee and J.H. Kim. 2005b. Introduction of an Electrofishing technique for assessments of fish assemblages to Korean watersheds. Korean J. Limnol. 38(4): 482-493
  9. An, K.G., J.Y. Lee, D.Y. Bae, J.H. Kim, S.J. Hwang, D.H. Won, J.K. Lee and C.S. Kim. 2006. Ecological assessments of aquatic environment using multi-metric model in major nationwide stream watersheds. J. KSWQ 22(5): 796-804
  10. Bae, Z.U., C. Kwak and S.J. Lee. 1979. A study on the river contamination of Masan and Changweon industrial area in 1978. Environmental Research Institute, Kyungnam Univ. Environmental Research 1: 9-34
  11. Bae, Z.U., S.J. Lee and J.S. Yang. 1980. A study on the river contamination of Masan and Changweon industrial area in 1979. Environmental Research Institute, Kyungnam Univ. Environmental Research 4: 47-65
  12. Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, 2nd Ed, EPA 841-B-99-002. U.S. EPA Office of Water, Washington, D.C., USA
  13. Bartholow, J.M. 1989. 'Stream Temperature Investigations: Field and Analytic Methods.' Instream Flow Information Paper No. 13, Biological Report 89(17). U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
  14. Choi, J.K., H.K. Byeon and H.K. Seok. 2000. Studies on the dynamics offish community in Wonju Stream. Korean J. Limnol. 33(3): 274-281
  15. Harris, J.H. 1995. The use of fish in ecological assessment. Aust. J. Ecol. 20: 65-80 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1995.tb00523.x
  16. Hwang, S.J., N.Y. Kim, D.H. Won, K.G. An, J.K. Lee and C.S. Kim. 2006. Biological assessment of water quality by using epilithic diatoms in major river systems (Geum, Youngsan, Seomjin River), Korea. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality 22(5): 784-795
  17. Hughes, R.M. 1995. Defining acceptable biological status by comparing with reference conditions. p. 31-47. In: Davis, W.S. and T.P. Simon (editors). Biological assessment and criteria: Tools for water resource planning and decision making. Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan
  18. Jeon, S.R 1980. Studies on the distribution of freshwater fishes from Korea. A doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul
  19. Karr, J.R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fishieries 6: 21-27 https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2
  20. Karr J.R. and M. Dionne. 1991. Designing surveys to assess biological integrity in lakes and reservoirs, in biological criteria. EPA-440/5-91-005, USA. p. 62-72
  21. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2002. Freshwater Fishes of Korea. KyoHak Publishing Co., Ltd
  22. Koizumi, N. and Y. Matsumiya. 1997. Assessment of stream fish habitat based on Index of Biotic Integrity. Bull. Jap. Soc. Oceanogr. 61: 144-156
  23. Lee, C.L. 2001. Ichthyofauna and fish community from the Gap Stream water system, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 19(4): 292-301
  24. Lee, S.J., Z.U. Bae and H.S. Kim. 1981. A study on the river contamination of Masan and Changweon industrial area in 1980. Environmental Research Institute, Kyungnam Univ. Environmental Research 3: 35-46
  25. Lee, S.J., S.K. Cha and E.D. Seo. 1984. A study on the river contamination of Masan and Changwean industrial area in 1983. Environmental Research Institute, Kyungnam Univ. Environmental Research 6: 5-19
  26. MEK (Ministry of Environment, Korea). 2004. Researches for integrative assessment methodology of aquatic environments (I). National Institute of Environmental Research, p. 321-344
  27. MEK (Ministry of Environment, Korea). 2005. Researches for integrative assessment methodology of aquatic environments (II). National Institute of Environmental Research, p. 400-440
  28. Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the world (3th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, New York
  29. Oberdorrff, T. and R.M. Hughes. 1992. Modification of an index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages to characterize rivers of the Seine Basin, France. Hydrobiologia 228: 117-130 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006200
  30. Oberdorff, T. and J.P. Porcher. 1994. An index of biotic integrity to assess biological impacts of salmonid farm effluents on receiving waters. Aquaculture 119: 219-235 https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90177-5
  31. Ohio EPA. 1989. Biological criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Vol. III, Standardized biological field sampling and laboratory method for assessing fish and macroinvertebrate communities. USA
  32. Plafkin, J.L. M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K. Gross and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and rivers: benthic macroinvertebrate and fish. EPA/444/4-89-00l. Office of water regulations and standards. U.S. EPA. Washington. D.C., USA
  33. Rankin, E.T. and C.O. Yoder. 1999. Methods for deriving maximum species richness lines and other threshold relationships in biological field data. T.P. Simon (ed.), CRC Press, USA. p. 611-621
  34. Strahler, A.N. 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. American Geophysical Union Transactions 38: 913-920 https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913
  35. U.S. EPA. 1983. Technical support manual: Waterbody surveys and assessments for conducting use attainability analyses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C. Volumes 1-3. USA
  36. U.S. EPA. 1993. Fish field and laboratory methods for evaluating the biological integrity of surface waters. EPA 600-R-92-111. Environmental Monitoring systems Laboratory-cincinnati office of odeling, Monitoring systems, and quality assurance Office of Research Development, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
  37. U.S. EPA. 2002. Summary of biological assessment programs and biocriteria development for states, tribes, territoroes, and interstate commissions: Stream and wadable rivers. EPA-822-R-02-048. U.S. Environmental protection Agency, USA
  38. Won, D.H., Y.C. Jun, S.J. Kwon, S.J. Hwang, K.G. An and J.K. Lee. 2006. Development of Konan saprobic index using benthic macroinvertebrates and its application to biological stream environment assessment. J. Korean Water Quality. 22(5): 768-783
  39. Woo, H.S. and S.T. Kim. 2000. Guidline investigation of stream restoration from other countries and applied manufacture to Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers. 3: 563-566
  40. Yoon, C.H., S.H. Lee and S.H. Cho. 1998. The state investigation for loading rate of pollutants discharging into a stream at Changwon City. Environmental Research Institute, Kyungnam Univ. Environmental Research 21: 33-42