비소세포폐암에 발생한 악성 흉수의 예후 인자

Prognostic Factors of Malignant Pleural Effusion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

  • 임창영 (포천중문의과대학교 분당차병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 이건 (포천중문의과대학교 분당차병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 이헌재 (포천중문의과대학교 분당차병원 흉부외과)
  • Lim, Chang-Young (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bundang CHA General Hospital, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University) ;
  • Lee, Gun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bundang CHA General Hospital, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University) ;
  • Lee, Hyeon-Jae (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bundang CHA General Hospital, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University)
  • 발행 : 2007.02.05

초록

배경: 비소세포폐암에 흔히 발생하는 악성 흉수는 환자의 예후에 나쁜 인자로 작용하여, 원격전이가 발생한 환자들과 비슷한 생존기간을 보인다. 비소세포폐암에 발생하는 악성 흉수의 진단과 치료에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어졌으나, 환자의 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 저자들은 악성 흉수가 발생한 비소세포폐암 환자들의 예후에 영향을 미치는 예후 인자들을 알아보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 악성 흉수를 동반한 비소세포폐암으로 치료를 받은 환자 33명을 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 예후에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있는 환자의 특성(성별, 연령), 폐암 조직형 및 병기, 흉수 천자액 검사(pH, CEA, LDH, glucose, albumin), 흉수 발견 후 치료 방법을 인자로 설정하여 조사하였다. 각 인자의 생존기간을 Kaplan-Meier법으로 구한 후, log-rank test를 통한 단변량분석으로 인자 각 군의 생존기간 차이를 비교하였고, 환자의 예후에 영향을 미치는 독립적 예후 인자를 찾기 위해 다변량분석으로 Cox Regression을 실시하였다. 결과: 대상환자 33명의 폐암 조직형은 선암이 23명으로 가장 많았다. 폐암과 악성 흉수가 동시에 진단된 경우를 제외하면 폐암 진단 후 악성 흉수가 진단되기까지의 중앙값 기간은 7.3개월($25^{th}{\sim}75^{th}:\;3.9{\sim}11.8$)이었다. 환자의 중앙값 생존기간은 3.6개월(95% Confidence Interval: $1.14{\sim}5.99$)이었다. 단변량분석에선 폐암 조직형이 유의성은 떨어지나 생존기간에 차이를 보였다(선암 4.067 vs. 비선암 1.867 개월, p=0.067). 교란변수의 영향을 제거한 다변량분석에서 통계적 유의성은 없으나 비선암이 선암보다 사망위험도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다(R.R 2.754, 95% Cl $0.988{\sim}7.672$, p=0.053). 결론: 본 연구에서 저자들은 악성흉수가 발생한 비소세포폐암 환자들의 예후에 영향을 미치는 예후 인자를 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 조직형에 따라 암사망 위험도에 차이를 보이는 경향이 관찰되어 향후 이에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Background: In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), malignant pleural effusion is a frequently observed com-plication, and is an important negative prognostic factor. Although many studies concerned to diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusion have been performed, prognostic factors of malignant pleural effusion have rarely been investigated. This study was performed to determine the prognostic factors of malignant pleural effusion n non-small cell lung cancer. Material and Method: We evaluated 33 NSCLC patients with malignant effusion treated between January 2002 and December 2003. We analyzed possible factors: gender, age, TNM Stage, fluid analysis (pH, CEA, LDH, glucose, albumin) and treatment modality. Median survival time of each factor was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and difference of median survival time between groups of factor compared by log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to confirm the significance of prognostic factor. Results: Of the 33 patients, 23 (69.7%) patients were adenocarcinoma. The median interval of the diagnosis of lung cancer and malignant effusion was 7.3 months ($25^{th}{\sim}75^{th}:\;3.9{\sim}11.8$), and the median survival time was 3.6 months (95% Confidence Interval: $1.14{\sim}5.99$). In the univariate analysis, using the log-rank test, those with an adenocarcinoma showed a relatively longer median survival time than those of a non-adenocarcinoma (4.067 vs. 1.867 months, p=0.067) without statistical significance. In the multivariate analysis, using the Cox regression, those with a non-adenocarcinoma showed a trend of high risk of cancer death than those with an adenocarcinoma without statistical significance (Relative risk; 2.754, 95% Cl: $0.988{\sim}7.672$, p=0.053). Conclusion: We could not find an independent prognostic factor of malignant pleural effusion in NSCLC. As there was a trend of high risk of cancer death according to histology, further study will be needed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Johnston WW. The malignant pleural effusion: a review of cytopathologic diagnoses of 584 specimens from 472 consecutive patients. Cancer 1985;56:905-9 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19850801)56:3<472::AID-CNCR2820560310>3.0.CO;2-3
  2. Cohen S, Hossain S. Primary carcinoma of the lung: a review of 417 histologically proved cases. Dis Chest 1966;49:67-73 https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.49.1.67
  3. Sugiura S, Ando Y, Minami H, Ando M, Sakai S, Shimokata K. Prognostic value of pleural effusion in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1997;3:47-50
  4. Niklinski J, Furman M. Clinical tumor markers in lung cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 1995;4:129-38 https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-199504000-00002
  5. Hotta K, Segawa Y, Takigawa N, et al. Evaluation of the relationship between serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and treatment outcome in surgically resected clinical stage I patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2000;20:2177-80
  6. Salama G, Miedougue M, Rouxaud P, et al. Evaluation of pleural cypra 21-1 and carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions. Br J Cancer 1998;77:472-6
  7. Villena V, Lopez EA, Echave J, Mart MP, Ortuno B, Estenoz J. Diagnostic value of CA549 in pleural fluid. Comparison with CEA, CA15.3 and CA72.4. Lung Cancer 2003;40:289-94 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5002(03)00120-X
  8. Ohta Y, Shimizu Y, Matsumoto I, Watanabe G. Management of malignant effusion by multimodality treatment including the use of paclitaxel administerd by 24-hour intrathoracic infusion for patients with carcinomatous pleuritis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2006;25:15-9
  9. Sasaki T, Yasuda H, Nakayama K, et al. Pleurodesis with carboplatin in elderly patients with malignant pleural effusion and lung adenocarcinoma. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54:722-3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00668_9.x
  10. Soh J, Toyooka S, Aoe K, et al. Usefulness of EGFR mutation screening in pleural fluid to predict the clinical outcome of gefitinib treated patients with lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2006;119:2353-8 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22190
  11. Hirsch FR, Franklin WA, Gazdar AF, Bunn PA Jr. Early detection of lung cancer: clinical perspectives of recent advances in biology and radiology. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:5-22
  12. Vansteenkiste JF, Paul RDL, Georges JD, et al. Survival and prognostoic factors in resected N2 non-small cell lung cancer: a study of 140 cases. Ann Thorac Surg 1977;63:1441-80 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00314-7
  13. Good JT, Taryle DA, Shan SA. The pathogenesis of low glucose, low pH malignant effusions. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:737-41
  14. Sahn SA, Good JTJ. Pleural fluid pH in malignant effusions. diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:345-9 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-345