References
- Shin HR, Won YJ, Jung KW, Kong HJ, Yim SH, Lee JK, Noh HI, Pisani P, Park JG, Ahn YO, Lee SY, Lee CW, Woo ZH, Lee TY, Choi JS, Yoo CI, Bae JM. Nationwide Cancer Incidence in Korea, 1999-2001; First result using the national cancer incidence database. Cancer Res Treat 2005; 37(6): 325-331 https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.6.325
- Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide IARC CancerBase No.5 version 2.0. Lyon: IARC Press; 2004
- Gonzalez CA, Sanz JM, Agudo A. Risk factors for gastric cancer. Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 20(5): 239-247
- Gwack J, Shin A, Kim CS, Ko KP, Kim Y, Jun JK, Bae J, Park SK, Hong YC, Kang D, Chang SH, Shin HR, Yoo KY. CagA-producing Helicobacter pylori and increased risk of gastric cancer: A nested case-control study in Korea. Br J Cancer 2006; 95(5): 639-641 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603309
- IARC. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, IARC Monograph Vol. 83: Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking. Lyon: IARC; 2004
- Correa P, Piazuelo MB, Camargo MC. The future of gastric cancer prevention. Gastric Cancer 2004; 7(1): 9-16 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-003-0265-0
- Neugut AI, Hayek M, Howe G. Epidemiology of gastric cancer. Semin Oncol 1996; 23(3): 281-291
- Tredaniel J, Boffetta P, Buiatti E, Saracci R, Hirsch A. Tobacco smoking and gatric cancer: Review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 1997; 72(4): 565-573 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970807)72:4<565::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-O
- Jee SH, Samet JM, Ohrr H, Kim JH, Kim IS. Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Cancer Causes Control 2004; 15(4): 341-348 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CACO.0000027481.48153.97
- Yun YH, Jung KW, Bae JM, Lee JS, Shin SA, Park SM, Yoo T, Huh BY. Cigarette smoking and cancer incidence risk in adult men: National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Cancer Detect Prev 2005; 29(1): 15-24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdp.2004.08.006
- Hemminki K, Jiang Y. Cancer risks among long-standing spouses. Br J Cancer 2002; 86(11): 1737-1740 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6600302
- Yoo KY, Shin HR, Chang SH, Lee KS, Park SK, Kang D, Lee DH. Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study induding a biological materials bank (KMCC-I). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2002; 3(1): 85-92
- Chao A, Thun MJ, Henley SJ, Jacobs EJ, McCullough ML, Calle EE. Cigarette smoking, use of other tobacco products and stomach cancer mortality in US adults: The Cancer Prevention Study II. Int J Cancer 2002; 101(4): 380-389 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.10614
- Gonzalez CA, Pera G, Agudo A, Palli D, Krogh V, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, Berglund G, Siman H, Nyren O, Agren A, Martinez C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Tormo MJ, Quiros JR, Allen N, Bingham S, Day N, Miller A, Nagel G, Boeing H, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB, Boshuizen HC, Peeters P, Numans M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Helen I, Agapitos E, Lund E, Fahey M, Saracci R, Kaaks R, Riboli E. Smoking and the risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Int J Cancer 2003; 107(4): 629-634 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11426
- Koizumi Y, Tsubono Y, Nakaya N, Kuriyama S, Shibuya D, Matsuoka H, Tsuji I. Cigarette smoking and the risk of gastric cancer: A pooled analysis of two prospective studies in Japan. Int J Cancer 2004; 112(6): 1049-1055 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20518
- Sjodahl K, Lu Y, Nilsen TI, Ye W, Hveem K, Vatten L, Lagergren J. Smoking and alcohol drinking in relation to risk of gastric cancer: A population-based, prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2007; 120(1): 128-132 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22157
- Tsugane S, Fahey MT, Sasaki S, Baba S. Alcohol consumption and all-cause and cancer mortality among middle-aged Japanese men: Seven-year follow-up of the JPHC study Cohort I. Japan Public Health Center. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 150(11): 1201-1207 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009946
- Engeland A, Andersen A, Haldorsen T, Tretli S. Smoking habits and risk of cancers other than lung cancer: 28 years' follow-up of 26,000 Norwegian men and women. Cancer Causes Control 1996; 7(5): 497-506 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00051881
- Mclaughlin JK, Hrubec Z, Blot WJ, Fraumeni IF Jr. Smoking and cancer mortality among U.S. veterans: A 26-year follow-up. Int J Cancer 1995; 60(2): 190-193
- Lee SG, Nam CM, Yi SW, Ohrr HC. Cigarette smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in men: The Kangwha Cohort Study. Korean J Prev Med 2002; 35(2): 123-128 (Korean)
- Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 2004; 328(7455): 1519 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.AE
- Korea Association of Smoking & Health. Smoking Status of Korean Adults [cited 2007 June 27]. Available from URL:http://www.kash.or.kr/user_new/pds_view.asp (Korean)
- Shafey O, Dolwick S, Guindon GE, editors. Tobacco Control Country Profiles. 2nd ed. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2003
- Korea National Statistical Office. Report on the Social Statistics Survey. Korea National Statistical Office; 2006 (Korean)
- OECD: OECD Health Data 2006. Paris: OECD; 2006
- Dyke GW, Craven JL, Hall R, Garner RC. Smoking-related DNA adducts in human gastric cancers. Int J Cancer 1992; 52(6): 847-850 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910520602
- Endoh K, Leung FW. Effects of smoking and nicotine on the gastric mucosa: A review of clinical and experimental evidence. Gastroenterology 1994; 107(3): 864-878 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(94)90138-4
- Lanas A, Hirschowitz BI. Influence of smoking on basal and on vagally and maximally stimulated gastric acid and pepsin secretion. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27(3): 208-212 https://doi.org/10.3109/00365529208999950
- IARC. IARC Monographs on the Carcinogenic Risks to Humans IARC Monograph Vol 61: Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori. Lyon: IARC; 1994
- Siman JH, Forsgren A, Berglund G, Floren CH. Tobacco smoking increases the risk for gastric adenocarcinoma among Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001; 36(2): 208-213 https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520119597
- Zaridze D, Borisova E, Maximovitch D, Chkhikvadze V. Alcohol consumption, smoking and risk of gastric cancer: Casecontrol study from Moscow, Russia. Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11(4): 363-371 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008907924938
- Cover TL, Vaughn SG, Cao P, Blaser M. Potentiation of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin activity by nicotine and other weak bases. J Infectious Dis 1992; 166(5): 1073-1078 https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/166.5.1073
- Shimoyama T, Everett SM, Fukuda S, Axon ATR, Dixon MF, Crabtree JE. Influence of smoking and alcohol on gastric chemokine mRNA expression in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Pathol 2001; 54(4): 332-334 https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.54.4.332
- Kneller RW, You WC, Chang YS, Liu WD, Zhang L, Zhao L, Xu GW, Fraumeni JF, Blot WJ. Cigarette smoking and other risk factors for progression of precancerous stomach lesions. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84(16): 1261-1266 https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.16.1261
- Katoh T, Nagata N, Kuroda Y, Itoh H, Kawahara A, Kuroki N, Ookuma R, Bell DA. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17(9): 1855-1859 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/17.9.1855
- Gao C, Takezaki T, Wu J, Li Z, Wang J, Ding J, Liu Y, Hu X, Xu T, Tajima K, Sugimura H. Interaction between cytochrome P-450 2E1 polymorphisms and enviroumental factors with risk of esophageal and stomach cancers in Chinese. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002; 11(1): 29-34
- Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Leitzmann MF, Mouw T, Subar AF, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A. A prospective study of tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165(12): 1424-1433 https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwm051
- Inoue M, Tajima K, Yamamura Y, Hamajima N, Hirose K, Nakamura S, Kodera Y, Kito T, Tominaga S. Influence ofhabitua1 smoking on gastric cancer by histologic subtype. Int J Cancer 1999; 81(1): 39-43 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990331)81:1<39::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-#