The Impact of TANF on Income and Poverty : analyses by sub-component

미국 TANF정책이 소득 및 빈곤에 미친 영향: 하부조항별 분석

  • Yoo, Ji-Young (Graduate School of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University)
  • Published : 2007.11.30

Abstract

The National Basic Livelihood Security(NBLS) System implemented from October 2000 has expanded cash assistance to cover the poor who are able to work in our country. Although the cash assistance for them has positive aspects of providing basic livelihood security for all people, but many scholars have also pointed out its negative aspects such as a decrease in labor supply among the poor. In order to provide policy implications for the cash assistance program of our country as well as the US, this paper examines the impact of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families(TANF) on poverty among single mothers and their families using data from March Current Population Survey of $1991{\sim}2002$. TANF imposes strong work requirements and time limits to recipients as conditions for cash assistance, which are major sub-components of TANF. Therefore, this paper analyzes TANF by looking at work requirements and time limits separately, not by looking at TANF as a single policy. The research findings show that work requirements significantly decreased income and increased poverty among single mothers. Although time limits show income increasing effects and poverty decreasing effects, it seems further studies on time limits are needed at this point. The research findings of this paper provide important lessons for welfare to work cash assistance of our country as well as the US.

우리나라 국민기초생활보장제도는 여전히 노동시장참여를 유인할 만한 체계가 불충분하여 취업을 통한 탈빈곤을 꾀하기에는 역부족이라는 문제가 지적되어 왔다. 반면 미국은 1996년 AFDC를 TANF로 대체하고, 근로의무나 수급기간제한 조항 등을 강화함으로써 대상자들의 탈빈곤을 달성할 것이라 인정받고 있다. 미국의 TANF가 우리제도에 대안적일 수 있는지에 대한 상반된 의견이 존재하는 가운데, 본 논문은 TANF가 과연 탈빈곤 효과가 있는지를 하부조항별로 분석하였다. 분석결과 TANF의 근로의무조항은 오히려 소득을 감소시키고 빈곤발생을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 수급기간제한은 이와 반대의 결과가 발견되었으나 아직은 그것의 효과를 확신할 수 없는 단계이다. 이 분석 결과는 TANF도 탈빈곤이라는 목표를 달성하려면 대상자들을 무조건 노동시장으로 내모는 것으로는 불완전하고, 저임금 노동자를 둘러싼 근본 문제를 동시에 해결해야 함을 시사한다.

Keywords