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Importance of the Mixotrophic Ciliate Myrionecta rubra in Marine Ecosystems

해양 생태계 내에서 혼합영양 섬모류 Myrionecta rubra의 중요성

  • Myung, Geum-Og (Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyung-Seop (Gunsan Regional Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Office, MOMAF) ;
  • Jang, Keon-Gang (Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Park, Jong-Woo (Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Yih, Won-Ho (Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University)
  • Published : 2007.08.31
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Abstract

Myrionecta rubra Jankowski 1976(=Mesodinium rubrum Lohmann 1908), a mixotrophic ciliate, is very common and often causes recurrent red tides in diverse marine environments. Since the report on the first laboratory strain of this species in 2000, papers on its novel ecological role and evolutionary importance have been high lighted. This review paper is prepared to promote the de novo recognition M. rubra as a marine mixotrophic species. M. rubra is a ciliate which is able to photosynthesize using plastids originated from cryptophyte (including Teleaulax sp. and Geminigera sp.) prey cells (i.e. kleptoplastidic ciliate). Recently, novel bacterivory of M. rubra was firstly reported. Thus, the nutritional modes of M. rubra include photosynthesis, bacterivory, and algivory. In turn, M. rubra was reported as the prey species of metazoan predators such as calanoid copepods, mysids, larvae of ctenophore and anchovy, and spats of bivalves. In addition, it was reported that dinoflagellate Dinophysis causing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning is one among the predators of M. rubra. Thus, M. rubra, a marine mixotrophic ciliate, may play a pivotal role as a common linking ciliate for the flow of energy and organic material in pelagic food webs.

Myrionecta rubra Jankowski 1976(=Mesodinium rubrum Lohmann 1908)는 다양한 해양 환경에서 적조를 일으키는 매우 일반적인 원생생물인 혼합영양 섬모류이다. M. rubra의 실험실 종주가 처음 보고된 2000년 이후, M. rubra의 생태적 역할 및 진화적 중요성에 관한 새로운 논문들이 발표되고 있다. 본고는 M. rubra의 생태학적 중요성에 관한 새로운 연구 결과들을 중심으로, 이 혼합영양성 종에 대한 정확한 인식에 도움이 되는 종설로서 작성되었다. M. rubra는 Teleaulax sp.와 Geminigera sp. 등의 은편모류를 섭식한 후 이들의 색소체를 잔류시켜 광합성을 하는 "kleptoplastidic ciliate"이다. 최근에는 M. rubra의 박테리아 섭식이 확인되어, 지금까지 보고된 M. rubra의 영양유형은 광합성, 박테리아 섭식, 편모조류섭식 등으로 다양하다. M. rubra는 요각류, 곤쟁이류, 유즐동물과 멸치류의 유생, 그리고 이매패류 치패와 같은 metazoan predator의 먹이생물로 알려져 있다. 2006년에는 설사성 패독을 일으키는 원생생물인 와편모류 Dinophysis도 M. rubra를 섭식하는 섭식자 가운데 하나라는 사실이 새로이 발표되었다. 따라서, 해양 혼합영양 섬모류 M. rubra는 표영 생태계 먹이망(pelagic food web)의 핵심적 주요 linking ciliate의 하나로서 에너지 및 유기물 흐름에 크게 기여할 것이다.

Keywords

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