Bioremediation on the Benthic Layer in Polluted Inner Bay by Promotion of Microphytobenthos Growth Using Light Emitting Diode (LED) 1. Effects of irradiance and wavelength on the growth of benthic diatom, Nitzschia sp.

발광다이오드(LED)를 이용한 저서미세조류의 성장촉진에 의한 오염해역 저질환경개선 1. 저서규조류 Nitzschia sp. 성장에 영향을 미치는 광량과 파장

In order for bioremediate the benthic layer in polluted inner Bay, the effects of irradiance and wave-length irradiated from light emission diode (LED) on the growth of benthic diatom Nitzschia sp. (Hakozaki Bay strain of Japan) were investigated. The Nitzschia sp. was cultured under blue LED (450 nm), yellow LED (590 nm), red LED (650 nm) and fluorescent lamp (mixed wavelengths). At $25^{\circ}C$ and 30 psu, the growth of Nitzschia sp. showed its peak at $20\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ (blue LED) and $40\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ (fluorescent lamp), and was inhibited at the irradiance higher than that irradiance. Nitzschia sp. in yellow LED and red LED is fitted by a rectangular hyperbolic curve because no photoinhibition was observed under maximum irradiance used in this study. The irradiance-growth curves were described as ${\mu}=-0.46{\exp}(1-I/6.32)+0.46-0.00043I,\;(r^2=0.98)$ under blue LED, ${\mu}=0.42(I+7.87)/(I+58.9),\;(r^2=0.99)$ under yellow LED, ${\mu}=0.39(I+3.39)/(I+21.6),\;(r^2=0.94)$ under red LED, ${\mu}=-0.38{\exp}(1-I/7.23)+0.38-0.00016I,\;(r^2=0.96)$ under fluorescent lamp. Maximum specific growth rate of blue LED, yellow LED, red LED and fluorescent lamp was $0.44\;day^{-1},\;0.42\;day^{-1},\;0.39\;day^{-1}$ and $0.37\;day^{-1}$, respectively. The absorption coefficient ($a_{ph}$) of Nitzschia sp. was similar under all the wavelengths (400 nm-700 nm), although maximum $a_{ph}$ was $0.0224\;m^2\;mg\;chi.\;{\alpha}^{-1}$ in 472 nm and $0.0179\;m^2\;mg\;chi.\;{\alpha}^{-1}$) in 663 nm. The results may indicate the possibility of environmental improvement around the benthic layer in polluted coastal area because microphytobenthos growth is stimulated by means of irradiated blue LED at the benthic boundary layer during both autumn and winter, and yellow LED, which might have been suppressed growth of harmful algae, at the layer during both spring and summer.

오염된 연안 저서환경의 생물학적 정화를 목적으로 발광 다이오드(LED)를 이용하여 저서미세조류 Nitzschia sp.(일본 Hakozaki만에서 분리)의 성장에 미치는 광량과 파장의 영향을 조사하였다. Nitzschia sp.는 청색 LED(450 nm), 황색 LED(590 nm), 적색 LED(650 nm) 및 형광램프(복수파장)에서 배양하였다. 온도 $25^{\circ}C$ 그리고 염분 30 psu에서 배양한 Nitzschia sp.는 청색파장에서 $20\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ 그리고 형광램프는 $40\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$에서 최대 상대성장속도를 보였으나, 이보다 높은 광량에서는 광 저해현상이 나타났다. 하지만, 황색 파장과 적색 파장의 최대광량에서 ($350\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) 광 저해현상은 관찰되지 않았다. 광량-성장곡선에서 청색 LED는 ${\mu}=-0.46{\exp}(1-I/6.32)+0.46-0.00043I,\;(r^2=0.98)$, 황색 LED는 ${\mu}=0.42(I+7.87)/(I+58.9),\;(r^2=0.99)$, 적색 LED는 ${\mu}=0.39(I+3.39)/(I+21.6),\;(r^2=0.94)$ 그리고 형광램프는 ${\mu}=-0.38{\exp}(1-I/7.23)+0.38-0.00016I,\;(r^2=0.96)$로 나타났다. 청색 LED, 황색 LED, 적색 LED와 형광램프의 최대성장률은 각각 $0.44\;day^{-1},\;0.42\;day^{-1},\;0.39\;day^{-1}$ 그리고 $0.37\;day^{-1}$이었다. Nitzschia sp.의 최대흡수계수는 472 nm($0.0224\;m^2\;mg\;chi.\;{\alpha}^{-1}$)와 663 nm($0.0179\;m^2\;mg\;chi.\;{\alpha}^{-1}$)에서 보였지만, 모든 파장에서(400 nm-700 nm) 거의 유사한 흡수계수를 보였다. 따라서 가을과 겨울동안에는 청색파장을 조사하여 미세조류 성장을 촉진시키고, 봄과 여름동안에는 황색파장을 조사하여 유해조류의 성장억제와 함께 저서미세조류의 성장시켜 오염된 연안 저서환경 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.