Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Combined Rainfall Observation with Radar and Rain Gauge

강우 레이더와 지상 우량계의 통합관측효과

  • Yoo, Chul-Sang (Dept. of Architectural, Civil & Environmental Eng., Korea Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Kyoung-Jun (Dept. of Architectural, Civil & Environmental Eng., Korea Univ.)
  • 유철상 (고려대학교 공과대학 건축.사회환경공학과) ;
  • 김경준 (고려대학교 공과대학 건축.사회환경공학과)
  • Published : 2007.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of combined rainfall observation of using rain gauge and rain radar. The effect of combined observations is to be evaluated by considering the decrease of measurement error due to combined use of design orthogonal observation methods. As an example, this study evaluated the rain gauge network of the Keum river basin, and showed how the density of rain gauges could be decreased by combining the radar observation. This study applied the researches on sampling error by North and Nakamoto(1989), Yoo et al. (1996) and Yoo (1997), also the simple NFD model for representing the rainfall field. The model parameters were decided using the rainfall characteristics (correlation time and length) estimated using the data collected in the Keum River Basin by 28 rain gauges and the operation rule of radar was assumed arbitrarily. This study considered the rain gauge density criteria provided by WMO(1994) and the rain gauge density installed in the Keum river basin to decrease the rain gauge density under the condition of introducing the radar.

본 연구에서는 우량계와 강우 레이더를 함께 이용하는 경우의 통합관측 효과를 검토하였다. 통합관측효과는 서로 직교하는 관측방법의 결합에 따른 관측오차의 감소를 고려함으로써 평가된다. 구체적인 적용 예로서 금강유역에 대하여 강우 레이더가 추가로 설치되는 경우 우량 관측망 밀도를 어느 정도까지 조정할 수 있는지에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 North and Nakamoto(1989), Yoo et al. (1996), 유철상(1997)의 관측오차 관련 연구를 응용하였으며, 강우장의 모형화를 위해서는 그 구조가 간단한 NFD 모형을 이용하였다. 모형의 매개변수는 금강유역의 28개 우량 관측소 시자료를 이용하여 추정된 강우장의 특성치(상관거리 및 상관시간)를 이용하여 결정하였고, 레이더의 운영 특성은 임의로 가정하였다. 본 연구에서는 WMO(1994)의 추천 우량관측 밀도와 금강유역에 설치된 우량 관측 밀도를 고려하여 레이더의 도입으로 인한 우량 관측 밀도의 조정 방안을 제시하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. 기상연구소 (2001). 자연재해방재기술개발사업-악기상 감시.예측 및 재해대응 기술 개발, 연구보고서, 과학기술부, p. 178
  2. 염경택, 이충기, 정구열, 정세웅, 김주환, 박우양, 정의용 (2000). '강화수문레이더를 이용한 임진강 유역홍수경보시스템 운영현황.' 한국기상학회 가을학술발표회 논문집, pp.91-94
  3. 유철상 (1997). '관측오차에 대한 다차원 강우모형의 적용.' 한국수자원학회논문집, 제30권, 제5호, pp. 441-447
  4. 이명섭 (2000). '수문레이더를 이용한 임진강유역 홍수예경보시스템 구축.' 한국수자원학회지, 제33권, 제1호, pp. 58-62
  5. Azimi-Zonooz, A., Krajewski, W.F., Bowles, D.S., and Sea, D.J. (1989). 'Spatial rainfall estimation by linear and nonlinear co-kriging of radar rainfall and rain gage data.' Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, Vol. 3, pp. 51-67 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01543427
  6. Graves, C.E., Valdes, J.B., Shen, S.S.P., and North, G.R. (1993). 'Evaluation of sampling errors of precipitation from spaceborne and ground sensors.' Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 32, pp. 374-384 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0374:EOSEOP>2.0.CO;2
  7. Ha, E., North, GR, Yoo, C., and Ha, K. (2002). 'Evaluation of some ground truth designs for satellite estimates of rain rate.' Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 65-73 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0065:EOSGTD>2.0.CO;2
  8. North, G.R. and Nakamoto, S. (1989). 'Formalism for comparing rain estimation designs.' Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 985-992 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1989)006<0985:FFCRED>2.0.CO;2
  9. North, G.R., Shen, S.S.P., and Upson, R.B. (1991). 'Combining rain gages with satellite measurements for optimal estimates of area-time averaged rain rates.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 2785-2790 https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR01744
  10. North, G.R., Valdes, J.B., Ha, E., and Shen, S.S.P. (1994). 'The ground-truth problem for satellite estimates of rainfall.' Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 11, No.4, pp. 1035-1041 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1035:TGTPFS>2.0.CO;2
  11. Sea, D.J. (1996). 'Nonlinear estimation of spatial distribution of rainfall-An indicator co-kriging approach.' Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, Vol. 10, No.2, pp. 127-150 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01581763
  12. Sea, D.J. (1998a). 'Real-time estimation of rainfall fields using rain gage data under fractional coverage conditions. ' Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 208, pp. 25-36 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00140-1
  13. Sea, D.J. (1998b). 'Real-time estimation of rainfall fields using radar rainfall and rain gage data.' Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 208, pp. 37-52 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00141-3
  14. Sea, D.J., Krajewski, W.F., and Bowles, D.S. (1990). 'Stochastic interpolation of rainfall data from rain gages and radar using co-kriging: 1. Design of experiments.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 26, No.3, pp. 469-477
  15. Sea, D.J., Krajewski, W.F., Azimi-Zonooz, A, and Bowles, D.S. (1990b). 'Stochastic interpolation of rainfall data from rain gages and radar using co-kriging: 2. Results.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 915-924
  16. Waymire, E., Gupta, V.K. and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. (1984). 'Spectral theory of rainfall intensity at the meso-${\beta}$ scale.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 1453-1465 https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i010p01453
  17. WMO (1994). Guide To Hydrological Practices-Fifth edition, WMO-No.168
  18. Yoo, C. (2000). 'On the sampling errors from raingauges and microwave attenuation measurements.' Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, Vol. 14, No.1, pp. 69-77 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004770050052
  19. Yoo, C. (2001). 'Sampling of soil moisture fields and related errors: Implications to the optimal sampling design.' Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 24, No.5, 521-530 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(00)00033-6
  20. Yoo, C. (2002). 'A ground validation problem of the remotely sensed soil moisture data.' Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, Vol. 16, No.3, pp. 175-187 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-002-0092-6
  21. Yoo, C., Valdes, J.B., and North, G.R. (1996). 'Stochastic modeling of multi-dimensional precipitation fields considering spectral structure.' Water Resources Research, Vol. 32, No.7, pp. 2175-2187 https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR01047
  22. Yoo, C., Ha. E., and Shin, S.C. (2000). 'Model vs design sensitivity to the ground-truth problem of rainfall observation.' Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 25, No.6, pp. 651-661 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00029-5

Cited by

  1. Usefulness of relay-information-transfer for radar QPE vol.531, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.006
  2. Evaluation of Spatially Disproportionate Rain Gauge Network for the Correction of Mean-Field Bias of Radar Rainfall: A Case Study of Ganghwa Rain Radar vol.42, pp.6, 2009, https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2009.42.6.493