The Retrogradation of Steamed Korean Rice Cake (Jeungpyun) with Addition of Gums

검류 첨가에 의한 개량 증편의 노화억제 효과

Gum was added to Jeungpyun (steamed Korean rice cake) to extend the shelf life and prevent retrogradation. The hardness of Jeungpyun was analyzed and the type of retrogradation was calculated by the Avrami equation. Guar gum, xanthan gum and pullulan were added to the steamed Korean rice cake at contents of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5% (w/w). The moisture contents of the steamed Korean rice cake stored at $4^{\circ}C$ remained unchanged over the three days. When the concentration of added gums was less than 0.1 %, the hardness was lower than that of the non-added gum. At a gum concentration of 0.5%, the hardness of Jeungpyun with added guar gum and xanthan gum was higher than that of pullulan and non-added Jeungpyun. The types of retrogradation varied according to the amount and the kind of the added gums. The type of retrogradation of pullulan-added rice cake was similar to that of xanthan-added rice cake. The Avrami exponent of pullulan-added and xanthan-added Jeungpyun was 1.4${\sim}$1.49 and 1.25${\sim}$1.43, respectively. As the concentrations of pullulan were increased from 0.05% to 0.5%, the time constant (1/k) increased from 5.37 to 15.65. Pullulan and xanthan gum were confirmed to be more effective than guar gum for preventing the retrogradation of the steamed Korean rice cake known as Jeungpyun.

Guar 검, xanthan 검, pullulan을 첨가하여 증편을 제조하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 시료의 수분함량의 변화는 유의차가 없었다. 검의 첨가 농도를 낮게 하여 증편을 제조한 경우에는 검 첨가증편의 경도가 무첨가군에 비해 감소하였으나 검의 첨가농도가 0.5% 이상을 첨가하게 되면 pullulan을 제외하고 경도가 무첨가군보다 높게 나타났다. 검류 첨가에 의해 증편의 노화 유형은 변화했으며, Avrami 지수는 pullulan과 xanthan검을 첨가한 경우에는 n=1에 가까운 값을 나타내어, xanthan 검과 pullulan의 노화 유형이 유사하게 나타났다. Pullulan의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 시간상수(1/k)도 5.37에서 15.65로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 실험결과에 의해 검류 첨가량에 따라 수분함량 변화가 거의 발생하지 않으며, 경도 변화도 적게 나타났다. Xanthan 검 또는 pullulan 첨가가 증편의 노화 속도를 늦춰줌으로써 노화가 지연되며 shelf-life 연장에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, xanthan 검 또는 pullulan보다 guar 검 첨가한 경우가 가장 효과가 적음을 알 수 있었다.