Determination and Effects of N and Si Fertilization Levels on Grain, Quality and Pests of Rice after Winter Green-house Water-melon Cropping

  • Published : 2006.09.01

Abstract

In Korea, rice cultivars have been changing to 'quality' rice rather than high yielding cultivars. However, more than 10% of paddy field has been changed to greenhouse in winter season for cropping of water-melon, oriental-melon, straw berry and et cetra. This experiment has been made to identify the usefulness of critical N and Si fertilization(SF) level to obtain high grain quality rice with reduced insect pest damage by N and SF combination. Before the experiment, watermelon-rice cropping system was maintained for three seasons by farmer from 1998 to 2001. The experiment of N and Si (silicate) fertilization levels was evaluated with Hwayoung-byeo (Oryza sativa L., medium-maturing variety) in 2002 and 2003 in Uiryeong, Korea. Nitrogen fertilization (NF) levels were three and five in 2002 and 2003, respectively, and three SF levels were compared for getting the valuable N/SF level in both years. TOYO-value was positively affected by Si application in N100% plot but it was negatively related with NF level. Normal grain percentage was positively related with TOYO-value and it was highest in 0N plot and Si plots in N100%. Other appearance qualities like powdered, damaged, and cracked grain, were decreased with increasing N fertilization level. SF improved appearance quality in N100% plots but no effects in other treatments. Leaf sheath related diseases were significantly decreased by SF but it was negatively related with NF. In conclusion, SF could be improve grain quality at the same yield levels of conventional fertilization and it also could be reduce the diseases damages of rice plant in all N treatments. NF treatment reduced grain quality and improved grain yield at N50% level, however NF above N50% could not get any kind of benefits. So, compared with conventional fertilizer, reduced NF level is recommended for high grain quality with reduced insect pest damage.

Keywords

References

  1. Cu, R. M., T. W. Mew, K. G. Cassman, and P. S. Teng, 1996. Effect of sheath blight on yield in tropical, intensive rice production system. Plant Dis. 80 : 1103-1108 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-80-1103
  2. Deren, C. W. 1997. Changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of silicon-fertilized rice grown on organic soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 20(6) : 765-771 https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169709365292
  3. Chung, B.K., N.Y. Heo, E.H. Cho, and J.Y. Lee, 1980. The effects of silicate, nitrogen and potassium on the incidence of rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara (in Korean, English summary). Res. Rep. Office Rural Devel. 22(S, P & M) 56-62
  4. Djamin, A. and M.D. Pathak, 1967. Role of silica in resistance to Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), in rice varieties. J. Econ. Entomol. 60 : 347-351 https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/60.2.347
  5. Groth, D.E. and E.M. Nowick. 1992. Selection for resistance to rice sheath blight through number of infection cushions and lesion type. Plant Dis. 76 :721-723 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-76-0721
  6. Hayasaka, T., H. Fujii, H. Mayumi, H. Ando, and T. Namai. 2002. How dose silicon nfluence on resistance of rice blast disease ?. Second Silicon in Agriculture Conference. Organized by Silicon in Agriculture Organizing Committee and Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 243-246
  7. Jung, Y.T., E.S. Yoon, Y.S. Choi, J.S. Kim, Y.B. Kim, and K.Y. Jung. 1997. Improvement of paddy soils acidified by the water inflow from potential acid sulfate soil in tertiary deposits. RDA. J. Agro-Env. Sci. 39(2): 1-7
  8. Kang, Y.S., J.H. Lee, J.I. Kim, and J.S. Lee. 1997. Influences of silicate application on rice grain quality. Kor. J. Crop. Sci. 42(6) : 800-804
  9. Kim, Y.S., S.W. Hwang, B.Y. Yon, Y.D. Park, and D.S. Kim, 1992. Study on the improvement of rice quality. I. Effect of chemical composition in brawn rice. Kor. J. Soil & Fer. Vol. 25(4) : 357-363
  10. Kim, Y.S., S.W Hwang, B.Y. Yon, Y.D. Park, and D.S. Kim. 1992. Study on the improvement of rice quality. I. Effect of chemical composition in brawn rice. Kor. J. Soil & Fer. Vol. 25(4) : 357-363
  11. Kraker, J.D., R. Rabbinge, A.V. Huis, J.C. V. Lenteren, and K.L. Heong. 2000. Impact of nitrogenous-fertilization on the population dynamics and natural control of rice leaf-folders (Lep.: Pyralidae). Inter. Jour. Pest Managem. 46: 225-235 https://doi.org/10.1080/096708700415571
  12. Kushwaha, K.S. and S.K. Sharma. 1980. Relationship of date of transplanting, spacings and levels of nitrogen on the incidence of rice leaf-folder in Haryana. H.A.U. Rice Res. Station Kaul-1320 21 : 338-339
  13. Lee, S.C. 1992. Towards integrated pest management of rice in Korea. Kor. J. Appl. Entomol. 31 : 205-240
  14. Lee, S.K., J.C. Yu, and M. Kohno. 1975. Fate of inorganic nitrogen by addition of silica materials on the fresh soil condition. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 8(2) : 61-68
  15. Lee, C.S., K.S. Hwang, H.K. Kwak, J.K. Park, K.H. Han, and Y.S. Kim. 1987. Effect of organic matter and silica on N-fertilizer responmse in paddy soils. Res. Rept. RDA 29(1) : 172-178
  16. Lee, J.H. and Y.J. Oh. 1991. Effects of 23-years successive application of N, P, K and organic matter on rice yield and quality. Korean J. Crop Sci. 36(4) : 332-339
  17. Lee, Y.H. and C.S. Shin, 1974. Application effect in split doses of silicate fertilizers on rice plant. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 7(3): 155-161
  18. Ma, K.C. and S.C. Lee. 1996. Occurrence of major rice pests at different transplanting times and fertilizer levels in paddy field. Korean. J. Appl. Entomol. 35 : 132. 136
  19. Marchetti, M. A. 1983. Potential impact of sheath blight on yield and milling quality of short-statured rice lines in the United States. Plant Dis. 67 : 162-165 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-67-162
  20. Nam, M.H., H.N. Park, H.W. Kang, J.S. Lee, S.C. Kim, and J.H. Kim. 1995. Effects of long-term application of fertilizer and damages of disease and pest on rice quality. RDA. J. Agri. Sci. 37(2) : 68-73
  21. NIAST. 2000. Analysis methods of soil and plant. Book Publication no. 11-1390093-000055-01
  22. Park, C.Y., Y.S. Cho, W.T. Jeon, K.D. Park, U.G. Kang, S.T. Park, and H.Y. Kim. 2004. Rice cultivation on reducing excessive soil fertility and rice growth in continuous vegetable cropped greenhouse soil. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 3(6) : 736-741 https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2004.736.741
  23. Sharma, N. R., P. S. Teng, and F.M. Olivares. 1990. Effect of rice growth stage on sheath blight (ShB) development and yield loss. IRRN 15: 19-20
  24. Volk, R.J., R.P. Kahn, and R.L. Weintraub. 1958. Silicon content of the rice plant as a factor influenceing its resistance to infection by the blast fungus, Piricularia oryzae. Phytopathology 48 : 179-184 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114444
  25. Yoshida, S. 1965. Chemical aspects of the role of silicon in physiology of rice plant (in Japanese, English summary). Bull. Nat. Inst. Agric. Sci. (Japan) Ser. B 15 : 1-58
  26. Watanabe, T. 1999. Feeding effects of rice leaf-folder on flag leaf gas exchange of rice plants at flowering. IRRN 24 : 20-21