대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
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생물다양성과 지적재산권, 그리고 국제통상에 관한 지리학적 고찰

Deconstructing Global Intellectual Property Rights Regimes over Biodiversity

  • Kim Sook-Jin (Department of Geography, The University of Minnesota)
  • 발행 : 2006.06.01
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초록

무역과 관세에 관한 일반협정의 우루과이 라운드 교섭 하에 통과된 '무역관련 지적재산권에 관한 협정'은 지적재산권을 국제통상 분야에 도입시켰을 뿐만 아니라 지적재산권의 대상을 생물다양성에까지 확장시켰다는 중요성을 가진다. 본 연구는 지리학적 관점 (장소와 스케일의 중요성)이 생물다양성과 지적재산권에 관련된 다양한 이슈들을 분석하는데 있어 얼마나 중요성을 가지며, 환경윤리학, 환경경제학, 정치경제학과 같은 다른 학문분야의 접근방법을 통합하고 보완하는지 고찰하였다. 자연, 인문현상의 지역적 차이와 다양한 스케일을 중요시하는 지리학적 관점은 개별적 이슈들로 인식되고 다루어져 왔던 생물다양성, 지적재산권, 이의 국제 통상기구에의 도입이 어떻게 임의적으로 관련지어줬는지 밝혀내는데 공헌한다.

During the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (later World Trade Organization), the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was adopted by participating countries. TRIPS has not only allowed intellectual property to be introduced into international trade arenas, but also extended the scope of protection to biodiversity such as plant genetic material, arguing that intellectual property rights (IPRs) would help conserve biodiversity. In this paper, I aim to deconstruct the global IPRs regimes over biodiversity by adopting geographers' sensitivity to place and scale as an analytical window. By investigating how all the issues regarding IPRs over biodiversity that are raised by diverse disciplines, such as environmental ethics, environmental economics and political economy approach, are scale-related, I demonstrate how biodiversity IPRs, and its introduction into international trade agreements, though separate issues with no inevitable relationship to one another, have been put together for the construction of global IPRs regimes. I argue that the notion on the construction of scale (i.e., rhetorical and discursive construct of globalization) can contribute to revealing how fragile global environmental conservation regimes are.

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