Long-term Prognosis and Physiologic Status of Patients Requiring Ventilatory Support Secondary to Chest wall Disorders

흉벽질환에 의한 급성호흡부전 환자의 생리적 특성과 장기적인 예후

  • Yoon, Seok Jin (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jun, Hee Jung (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Yong Joo (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Seung Jun (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Eun Jin (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Cha, Seung Ick (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Jae Yong (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jung, Tae Hoon (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Chang Ho (Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University)
  • 윤석진 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 정희정 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김영주 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이승준 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김은진 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 차승익 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박재용 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 정태훈 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김창호 (경북대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2006.06.08
  • Accepted : 2006.08.28
  • Published : 2006.09.30

Abstract

Background: Chest wall deformities such as kyphoscoliosis, thoracoplasty, and fibrothorax cause ventilatory insufficiency that can lead to chronic respiratory failure, with recurrent fatal acute respiratory failure(ARF). This study evaluated the frequency and outcome of ARF, the physiologic status, and the long-term prognosis of these patients. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with chest wall disorders, who experienced the first requirement of ventilatory support from ARF were examined. The mortality and recurrence rate of ARF, the pulmonary functions with arterial blood gas analysis, the efficacy of home oxygen therapy, and the long-term survival rate were investigated. Results: 1) The mortality of the first ARF was 24.1%. ARF recurred more than once in 72.7% of the remaining 22 patients, and overall rate of successful weaning was 73.2%. 2) Twenty-two patients who recovered from the first ARF showed a restrictive ventilatory impairment with a mean FVC and TLC of 37.2% and 62.4 % of predicted value, respectively, and a mean $PaCO_{2}$ of 57mmHg. Among the parameters of pulmonaty functions. the FVC(p=0.01) and VC(p=0.02) showed a significant correlation with the $PaCO_{2}$ level. 3) There were no significant differences between the patients treated with conservative medical treatment only and those with additional home oxygen therapy due to significant hypoxemia in the patients with recurrent ARF and the mortality. 4) The 1, 3, 5-year survival rates were 75%, 66%, and 57%, respectively, in the 20 patients who had recovered from the first ARF, excluding the two patients managed by non-invasive nocturnal ventilatory support. Conclusion: These results suggest that active ventilatory support should be provided to patients with ARF and chest wall disorders. However, considering recurrent ARF and weak effect of home oxygen therapy, non-invasive domiciliary ventilation is recommended in those patients with these conditions to achieve a better long-term prognosis.

연구 배경: 척추후측만증, 흉곽성형술, 섬유흉 등과 같은 흉곽변형에 따른 질환들은 비슷한 환기장애의 형태로서 결과적으로 만성호흡부전에 이를 수 있으며, 경과 중 흔히 적인 급성호흡부전이 합병하게 되고 사망의 위험에 놓이게 된다. 저자들은 이러한 환자들에서 급성호흡부전의 빈도와 결과, 생리적 상태, 그리고 장기적 예후 등의 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 경북대학교병원에서 급성호흡부전으로 첫 환기보조를 받게 된 29명의 흉벽질환자를 대상으로 초기 사망률, 이후의 급성호흡부전의 재발빈도, 동맥혈가스검사 및 폐기능검사, 재택 산소 치료의 효과, 그리고 장기 생존율을 조사하였다. 결 과: 1) 첫 급성호흡부전시의 사망률은 24.1%였으며, 생존자 중 72.7%에서 급성호흡부전이 1회 이상 재발하였고 전체적인 급성호흡부전에 대한 이탈 성공률은 73.2%였다. 2) 첫 급성호흡부전으로부터 회복된 22명은 평균 FVC 및 TLC가 각각 추정 정상치의 37.2, 62.4%인 제한성 환기장애와 평균 $PaCO_{2}$가 57mmHg인 만성적 과탄산혈증 호흡부전소견을 보였으며, $PaCO_{2}$와 VC 및 FVC 사이에 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 3) 보존적 약물치료만 받은 군과 상대적으로 유의한 저산소혈증에 의해 보존적 치료와 재택 산소치료를 함께 받은 군의 비교 시에, 재 급성호흡부전 환자수와 생존율에서 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 첫 급성호흡부전으로부터 생존한 22명의 경과에서 재택 NIV를 받은 2명을 제외한 20명의 1년, 3년, 5년 생존율은 각각 75%, 66%, 57%였으며, 사망자의 88%가 심폐부전으로 사망하였다. 결 론: 흉벽질환자의 급성호흡부전에 대해 적극적으로 환기보조치료가 시도될 만하나, 이들 만성적 호흡부전자에서 재택 산소 치료만으로는 그 효과가 미약하여 삶의 질 및 생존율의 향상을 위해서는 재택 NIV가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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